tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-61664783712486690352024-02-07T18:26:51.529-08:00ASHIN PANNASIRIashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.comBlogger59125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-4316023031947853342016-07-15T00:32:00.001-07:002016-07-15T00:32:47.856-07:00Basic Teaching of Zen Buddhism<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Introduction</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Zen is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that emerged around 6<sup>th</sup>
century into China by Indian Monk Bodhidhamma and that introduced into Japan
around 12 Century. Zen Buddhism is emphasis on sitting meditation for the
realizing of truths, no-self, emptiness and mind. The differences between Zen and
other Buddhist sects is that Zen Buddhism exists as illogical and
anti-intellectual which made students confused about how can Zen Buddhism be
illogical and anti-intellectual? Today Zen Buddhist teaching becomes one of the
most popular in the west and westerners are more likely to follow Zen
teaching.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a> All about Zen Buddhism is
practice and experience it, not just idea, concept, theory, and dogma.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We can assume that Zen may be the most
non-verbal of the Buddhist teaching, supporting self-discipline as a way going
on self-discovery.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Practical
Zen</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">In fact, Zen is inner or spiritual tradition that support simplicity
the way of life and Zen teach people simply to observe the thought and feeling
passing through the mind. Zen masters have found that enlightenment cannot be
achieved by just following scripture, concepts and ideas but by practical
action which is meditation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">There
are the three main schools in Zen Buddhism which are Rinzai school, Soto school
and Obaku school. Each school has its own methods of mediation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Rinzai
school takes the Koan method for meditation which focus on question. <i>Koan
literally means “a public document”. It now denotes some anecdote of an ancient
master, or a dialogue between a master and monks or statement or questions put
forward by a teacher, all of which are used as the means for opening one’s mind
to the truth of Zen.</i></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">By
following Koan method of meditation, Zen practitioners can eradicate the selfishness,
ego consciousness, achieve the higher level and attain enlightenment. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">And Soto
school emphasis on sitting meditation for the attainment of enlightenment.
Generally, there are three steps in Zen meditation which are the adaption of
body, the adaption of breathing and adaption of mind. If somebody wants to
practice Zen meditation, the master suggests them to observe and follow three-steps
of meditation procedure and acquire these three steps in order to attain
enlightenment.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Adaption
of body</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Adaption of body is important and necessary for those who practice Zen
meditation in order to experience practical benefit of doing meditation. Zen
Buddhism has two postures in doing meditation which are the lotus posture and
the half-lotus postures. Zen Buddhism takes them to be successful for stilling
the mind. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Adaption
of breathing </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">In doing meditation, breathing exercising is one of the most important
one in Zen meditation, it is unlike yoga. It is observation of breath count
and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the practitioners are supposed to
count breathing in and breathing out in order to be stilling the mind. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Adaption
of mind</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">And the third step is to try to adjust the mind, this is the difficult
one that practitioners are supposed to train the mind till achieve the
enlightenment. At beginning, the practitioners can hear the sound of breathing
in and out. And the practitioners can notice and feel the way of breathing in
and out. Then they aware of that breathing become subtle, so that the
practitioners cannot be hear the sound of breathing in and out due to deep
concentration. Once practitioners sink into deepen concentration, there is no
more feeling of breathing in and out. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">When Zen
wants you to taste the sweetness of sugar, it will put required article right
into your mouth and no further words are said.</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">It is
true that if we want to know the taste of durian, we have to eat it, we cannot
know the real taste of durian by explanation of somebody or description. We
ourselves have to experience it to know. Likewise in Zen Buddhism, one can
achieve the goal by practicing himself, not by reading and studying the
scripture.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Zen
Buddhism has become popularity in the west because the teaching methods
emphasis on the right here and right now. The goal of Zen Buddhism is to
achieve personal enlightenment through meditating. Zen Buddhism more emphasis
on self-effort, experience, and self-discovery which we cannot learn from books,
or concepts or ideas but we are able to achieve only by experience it
ourselves. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Zen
purposes to discipline the mind itself, to make it its own master, through an
insight into its proper nature. This getting into the real nature of one’s own
mind or soul is the fundamental object of Zen Buddhism.</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Everyone
has the Buddha-nature that can be achieved by practicing meditation and through
a realization of self. So the most important thing is to discover the truth by
ourselves. For the searching of ultimate truth, we have to look inside of us,
we cannot find the true answer by searching outside ourselves, and we cannot
find this truth by rational thought. There are no any cardinal doctrines or
sacred books or dogmatic principles in Zen Buddhism to teach people. Therefore
whatever teachings there are in Zen, the teachings are from their own mind. So
that we can know that Zen Buddhism is something that not rely on ideas,
concept, words even books but it has to be experienced in order to understand
it and practice it to know the essence of Zen teaching. Zen Buddhism does not
emphasis much on scripture than they practice with various ways. The most
common and popular practice in Zen Buddhism is that direct communication
between master and pupil in order to achieve enlightenment. <i>According to
Bodhidhamma, Zan is a special transmission outside of the scripture, not based
on words or letters, a direct pointing to the heart of reality so that we might
see into our own nature and wake up</i></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">. </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">There are many Buddhist scriptures exist in Buddhism but not in Zen
Buddhism because Zen teaching cannot be found in scripture the cause of Zen is
not based on words or books. Zen teaching is transmitting from master to
followers, mind to mind directly by teaching face to face or practicing
ourselves. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is always practical and
directly go to the point, and never recognize the circumlocutory way in Zen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Illogical
Zen</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Zen
deals with facts and not with their logical, verbal, prejudiced, and lame
representations. Direct simplicity is the soul of Zen; hence its vitality,
freedom, and originality.</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">It means
that Zen accepts trues as trues, facts as facts, and to understand the words as
words, there is nothing else. If we rely on much of logic and words, we are
still far from liberation and go through much suffering. <i>Mahavaipulyapurnabuddha
sutra (The Perfect Awakening Sutra said that all the Buddha’s teaching are a
finger pointing to the moon.</i></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">In order
to understand the true nature of reality, we must experience it to know.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Words description never gives the true nature
of reality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To see the moon above, we
use our finger for pointing it but we should know clearly that finger is not
the moon. We used the finger is to guide people toward awakening. For example,
one can describe many ways the delicious of food on menu but menu is not the
food. In order to experience the real taste of food, you must eat it and chew
it to experience delicious food with your own mouths and tongues. Likewise,
Meditation practitioners rely on their masters and teaching for the right
direction but they will not achieve just by relying on teaching but by
realizing themselves and practicing themselves, they could be able to achieve
the final goal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Not-Self</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Buddhist scripture often described the term ‘Not Self’ nature of all
phenomena. We must consider the most important thing that everything is in the
process of changing instantly or gradually into something else, everything is
impermanence in order to aware of non-self and the concept of impermanence.
People have the concept that A is A, A cannot be B or B cannot be A, but
Not-Self describe that A is not A, B is not B, A can be B or B can be A. It is
because A is no longer the A, nothing remains for the same. All things are
perpetual change time to time. Impermanence is refer to not only physical
phenomena but also psychological phenomena.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Emptiness
in Zen </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Zen Buddhism accept the doctrine of
emptiness, and according to Bodhidharma, emptiness is the holiest and ultimate
doctrine of Zen Buddhism which means that everything is emptiness including <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>merits, knowing, nobility are empty. And Hui Neng,
the sixth patriarch of the Zen sect in China, wrote this stanza.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">The
Bodhi (True Wisdom) is not like the tree; The mirror bright is nowhere shining:
As there is nothing from the first, Where does the dust itself collect?</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">The
stanza indicated that the doctrine of emptiness is the essence of Zen Buddhism
and it also describe that physical objects, passions, religious teaching to
eradicate delusion are empty. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Conclusion</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">There is distinction between Zen Buddhist teaching and other Buddhist
school basically. Other Buddhist school more emphasis on studying Buddhist
scripture and trying to understand the teaching of the Buddha but Zen Buddhist
emphasize practice and direct experience rather than learning from scripture.
Zen believes that meditation is only the way out of darkness into glorious
light or to attain higher state of mind. In order to get understanding of
reality, Zen practitioner depend their own experience. Zen Buddhism has a
concept that everyone has a Buddha nature and there is only one way for the Zen
practitioners to aware fully Buddha nature is to experience directly through
meditation practice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Bibliography
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">D.T.
Suzuki, <i>An Introduction to Zen Buddhism</i>, Grove Press, New York, 1964.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Thich
Nhat Hanh, <i>Zen Keys</i>, Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, New York 1974.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Dogen, <i>A Primer
of Soto Zen</i>, (tran. Reiho Masunaga) University of Hawaii press, USA, 1995.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Robert Aitken, <i>Taking
the Path of Zen,</i> North Point Press, New York, 1980.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Jean Smith, <i>Beginner’s
Guide to Zen Buddhism</i>, Crown Publishing Group, New York, 1999.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Suzuki, D.T. <i>An Introduction to Zen Buddhism</i>, New York: Grove Press,
1964, P.102</div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<i>ibid P.74</i></div>
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<i>Ibid P.40</i></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Thich Nhat Hanh, <i>Zen Keys,</i> New York: Doubleday Dell Publishing Group,
1974, P.34</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Suzuki, D.T., <i>An Introduction to Zen Buddhism,</i> New York: Grove Press,
1964, P.61</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Thich Nhat Hant, <i>Zen Keys</i>, New York: Doubleday Dell Publishing Group,
1974, P.51</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Suzuki, D.T<i>, An Introduction to Zen Buddhism</i>, New York: Grove Press,
1964,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P.48</div>
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ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-72723346013101677742016-07-06T07:13:00.000-07:002016-07-06T07:13:00.938-07:00Prince Shotoku and His contribution towards the spread of Buddhim in Japan<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNf3IwHIewUHeJQRNtvNgDIGfXCznf6KAaekI-8Ah3jDFdj-stjsGyPHRlC7MOv0QbyaLzAWh1hkb1G7ctsffbL_ppe8sAih2wmOfRr_nZdSjmO_VzNjcEUEXz3kAROH-FY72G8e-c/s1600/prince-shotoku-7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNf3IwHIewUHeJQRNtvNgDIGfXCznf6KAaekI-8Ah3jDFdj-stjsGyPHRlC7MOv0QbyaLzAWh1hkb1G7ctsffbL_ppe8sAih2wmOfRr_nZdSjmO_VzNjcEUEXz3kAROH-FY72G8e-c/s320/prince-shotoku-7.jpg" width="251" /></a></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Introduction</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It is clear that
indigenous religion called Shinto has already existed in Japan before Buddhism.
But According to a historical chronicle, Buddhism was officially introduced
into Japan by a king of Paekche in 552 A.D during the time of emperor Kinmei.
After Buddhism was introduced and sent Buddhist icons and ritual objects to
Japanese court by Korean king Paekche, there were some conflict between those
acceptors and rejecters of Buddhism in Japan. On other hand, there is some
Buddhist believers had already existed before Buddhism was officially
introduced; they were Korean and Chinese immigrants, they practiced Buddhism despite
they did not claim themselves as Buddhists. The country was not politically
stable which divided into many provinces and ruled by different clans. Around
third century A.D, Yamato clan emerged as a powerful clan among them and Japan
was gradually united but still not fully unified yet. There were three clans
(Soga, Mononobe, and Nakatomi) who became powerful but lower rank to Yamato
imperial family.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a> They were collaborated in order to govern the country which
each undertook the responsibilities in different sectors. Each clan was
responsible for the governing for the nation. Soga clan was responsible
management of the imperial estate and finance, and Mononobe clan take on
responsibility for the military affair of imperial family, likewise Nakatomi clan
undertake the duty of rituals and ceremonies of imperial family. And the most
important thing in the history of Japanese Buddhism was that Prince Shotoku
played the most important role to spread of Buddhism in Japan. Buddhism
flourished and under pious Prince Shotoku developed rapidly. Prince Shotoku
played a very important role in government with culture, religion as well as
diplomatic with China and Korea. <br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The life of Prince Shotoku</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">According to the Nihon
shoki (The Chronicle of Japan) Prince Shotoku was born in the doorway of horse
stable (umaya) in 547 while his mother was looking around of palace by horse
stable. This was the reason why he was named first as Umayado. He also had
another names but later he became a famous one by the name of Prince Shotuko.
His mother Princess Ahahobe saw gold-colored priest in her dream of a night
before she gave birth to him in a horse stable. She dreamed about a gold priest
entered her womb and said that “<i>I have made a vow to save the world, and to
lodge myself for a time in your highness‘s womb</i>”. Then the Princess
curiously asked the question to him about who he was, he responded that he was
world-saving Bodhisattava, lives in the west. So that in the first day of new year,
she gave birth him in the horse stable when she was sightseeing the palace’s
garden. There is a description about how he had intellectual giant since he was
born. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As early as the
Nihonshoki, he is described as being able to speak the moment he was born and
claims of proved to have such wisdom as an adult that he could attend to attend
to the claims of ten men at once and decide them all without error.</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></sup></span></span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He could even predict
with his a foreknowledge future event or what will happen in near future. When
he was 19 year old in 592, he was appointed regent and he had received
education concerning Buddhism as the son of Buddhist Emperor. <i>He studied the
doctrines of the San-ron and Jo-jitsu schools, under the instruction of the
Korean priests E-ji, E-so and Kwas-roku<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a>.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So it is clear that he received Buddhist
education since he was young age. For this reason he grown up and became a
great contributor of Buddhism in Japan. He was one of the most important
figures in Japanese history for both political and cultural development. He was
a regent for his aunt, Empress Suiko, and also put his great effort for the
development of Japan. And there were, at that time, two clans Soga and Mononobe
fighting for the throne. After Soga clan defeated Mononobe clan in fighting,
Empress Suiko was throned in 592 and Prince Shotoku was appointed heir
apparent. Prince Shotoku married to Princess Udodonokaidako and performed as
monarch of Japan until his death in 622, So that the Prince Shotuko ruled the
country as head of state from 593 to 622.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And his contribution to spread of Buddhism in Japan was a great success
that he supported entire of his life for Buddhism. And there was a famous theme
that Prince Shotoku stated his wife was that <i>“this world is illusion, the
Buddha alone is true”, displays a knowledge of Buddhism far advanced beyond his
contemporaries.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He has been isolated
for thirty years of his regency that he experienced and aware of the nature of
the world from his personal experience which consisted of living amongst
corrupt relatives and political competition. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The most important
thing to be development of Japanese Buddhism was that Prince Shotoku sent a
mission to China in 607. The mission played the most important role in order to
flourish Japanese Buddhism and culture. Some Japanese monks and students went
to China to study and brought back new knowledge and ideas for the centralized
government. These important connection and contact of Japanese monks and
students with Chinese Buddhism were to establish a great way for the
flourishing of Buddhism in Japan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Seventeen-Article
Constitution </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">According to tradition,
Shotoku Taishi composed a ‘Seventeen-article Constitution’ in 604 and akso
wrote commentaries upon three important Buddhist sutras of the day; the
Shomangyo (Srimala simhanada sutra), Yuimagyo (Vimalakirti nindesa sutra) and
Hokekyo (Saddharma pundarika sutra).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Before the end of six
century, the ruler of Japan tried to reform the administration system and
themselves from clan chieftain into fully monarch like the model of Chinese
monarchy. The first step that achieved in the effort to reform of state based
on the form of Chinese political model was Prince Shotoku’s constitution.
Prince Shotoku himself prepared law for the first time in Japanese history.
Prince Shotoku composed a Seventeen-Article Constitution in 604 which shaped
morality and law in Japan. Some modern Japanese scholars criticized and thought
that Prince Shotoku was not qualified enough to write constitution and did not
have a good writing skill. This is why; the constitution has always been
disputed amongst scholars or historians. And the constitution was not basic law
to be governed the country but which more the concept derived from Confucianism
and Buddhism<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>which emphasized on
Buddhist ethic, moral and virtue. So that we can understand Buddhist ideals of
harmony and equality were applied to the state administration. This
constitution charted makes change in the government based on Confucian and
Buddhist come towards statesmanship. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Prince Shotoku was a
pupil or disciple of Eji and he received the Buddhist education from him. After
studied and received Buddhist education from him, he wrote commentaries on
three Buddhist studies, Hokke (Saddaharmapundarika sutra), Yuima (Vimalakirti
nirdesa sutra), and Shoman (Srimala Simhanada sutra). Although there was a
controversial case in term of writing commentaries amongst Buddhist scholars,
it was a great contribution on Buddhism of Prince Shotoku. Buddhist scholars
had highly doubt and could not accept on writing of such most important sutras by
insufficient education. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Some important points
in Seventeen-Article Constitution are as follow.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The first one highlighted
that living harmonious way with each other and building mutual understand each
other is the most important thing in order to have peaceful society. By doing
so, no discrimination, no conflict, no quarrel, but living in peace and
happiness.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The second one
indicated that the tree treasures should be given sincere reverence. The triple
gems are Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha. This is the first time in Japan that prince
Shotoku stated in the constitution. This is the reason why Buddhism became
national religion of Japan at that time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The sixth article
described that punish the evil and reward the good. In this article, Prince
Shotoku applied this article into his administration in order to build the
country in peaceful way.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">And the tenth article
said that<i> </i>let us control ourselves and not be resentful when other disagrees
with us. So we can realize that Buddhism teach us to control of our scattered
mind which leads to be peaceful and harmonious society. This article highlight
the most important point in order to build peaceful and harmonious society and
each one of us should have self-control, respect each other and understand the
view of others. Prince Shotoku tried to make administration for his nation in
harmonious way.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A brief explanation of
Prince Shotoku’s commentaries</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Saddharmapundrika sutra. It is one of
the most important sutra in Japan which explained one vehicle concept. This
sutra expounded that all sentient beings can attain enlightenment equally
without any distinction between man and woman, even mankind and other sentient
beings. it teach that finally all sentient beings whether mankind or other
beings reach ultimate goal of Buddhism or enlightenment.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Srimaladevisimhanada Sutra. This sutra
is about queen Srimala and Prince Shotoku intended to honor Empress Suiko who
had a devout on Buddhism. And queen Srimala discourse on the practice of one
vehicle. Queen vowed to save all sentient beings through saving herself. As the
same way, Prince Shotoku recognized himself by calling Buddha’s child. And he
had the same idea with queen Srimala that Shotouku took vows in order to save
sentient beings by perfecting himself.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Vimalakirtinirdesa sutra. In Mahayana
Buddhism, this sutra became famous amongst lay Buddhist practitioners and
Prince Shotoku write this sutra in order to establish the standard for the
Mahayana lay Buddhist. This sutra is about a sage layman, his name is Yuima or
Vimalakirti from Vaisali. Prince Shotoku also appreciated and took the ideals
from the sutra that everyone including rulers, and princes could be Buddha if
they practice right way. And he wrote this sutra. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Prince Shotoku’s
contribution to spread of Buddhism in Japan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Shotoku lived in the
period where Buddhism became political tool in the strife between the
progressive Sogas and the conservative Mononobes. It shared the triumph of the
Sogas.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The leader of Soga clan
stated that there was no reason to refuse to accept Buddhism because people
from many countries are following Buddhism, but the leader of Mononobe clan
against and opposed acceptance of Buddhism in Japan. The leader had proclaimed
that <i>“the kami of our land will be offended if we worship a foreign kkami.” </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was the beginning of conflict between
Soga clan and Mononobe clan over acceptance of Buddhism. Prince Shotoku was one
of the most outstanding figures in Japan who promoted Buddhism entire of his
life-time, although the country was politically unstable and conflict between
Soga clan and Mononobe clan. When Prince Shotoku was contributing toward spread
of Buddhism, on other hand, Mononobe Moriya and Nakatomi Katsumi gathered
against the destroyed Buddha images and demolish Buddhist hall. But Buddhism
had made a strong comeback at the end of the year.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Although Japanese
people had followed indigenous faith Shinto tradition for long period of time
as national religion, Buddhism rapidly flourished during Prince Shotoku ruling
the country and Buddhism was even became state religion of Japan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Prince Shotoku wanted
his nation to enrich of spiritual life and enhance the quality or value of life
his entire nation. And he believe that adoption of Buddhism would extend
Japanese culture and which would help the Japanese people to be spiritual happy
in life. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The prince also urged
the adoption of Buddhism as a means of raising the level of Japanese culture
and providing the people with the spiritual fulfillment.</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></sup></span></span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He brought back many
Buddhist texts from China and also he tried to support Buddhism by giving
lecture on the importance Buddhist texts.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tradition also
maintains that Prince Shotoku was responsible for building some of the great
temples of the Asuka period such as the Horyuji and Shitennoji.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a> </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Prince Shotoku built
many temples as part of supporting establish of Buddhism in Japan so that he
became well known as temple builder. He built many temples such as Shitennoji
temple in Osaka which was built in 596 and it became famous because of the
center of social activities, and Horyuji temple in Nara which was also built in
607. And this temple also famous because it is becomes the main center for
Buddhist studies. Prince Shotoku invited Buddhist monks, Confucian scholars,
writer, artists, and temple builders from abroad. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He also built a
Buddhist sanctuary which dedicated to the Four Guardians of the world. And the
temples built at the port of central Japan where foreign traders, envoys, and
even immigrant landed and they thought like Japan was a strong Buddhist country
by seeing those erected temples. And the temples in former time not only for
religious activities but it also served social activities. Tenno-ji temple was
comprised of four institutions. They are: (1) the kyoden-in, this is the place
to worship and reverence for the Buddha. and the place also served training
music and arts, (2) Seyaku- in, this is the place where medical herbs were
collected and distributed, (3) The Hiden-in, the place for the helpless and
trouble people, and the last one is (4) The Ryobyo –in, sanatorium and
hospital.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Prince Shotoku built
pagodas with Buddha’s relics during his ruling time in Japan. And he believed
strongly that relics were important part of any pagodas. He also said that if
there was not any relic of Buddha inside of pagoda whoever built it. It cannot
be called as pagodas. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This is a receptacle
for the Buddha’s relics, if one does not put relics inside it cannot a pagoda.
After parinirvana of the Tathagata Sakyamuni, the relics of particles of his
bones (saikotsu Shari) appeared to his will. This was the Ththagata’s gift to
outsiders.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Prince Shotoku also
understood that the diplomacy between neighboring countries such as Korea and
China was the most important thing in order to develop culture, economic and
even religion. This is the reason why he made an embassy in China to strengthen
the link between Japan and China in 607. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One of the most crucial
development in Japanese Buddhism that can be directly attributed to prince
Shotoku was a beginning of official embassies to China in 607.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Prince Shotoku studied
and believed deeply in Buddhism. Before he passed away, he said to his
followers that live accordance with Buddhism and believe it. he said his
follower the essence of the teaching of the Buddha. Avoid evil, undertake good
and purify the mind. This is the essence of the Buddha’s teaching. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Conclusion</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As we have been discussed
above, Prince Shotoku was one of the most important regents in Japanese history
who played most important role for the development of Japan. when Buddhism was
introduced to Japan, there has been political disputed among the progressive
clan and conservative clan over acceptance of Buddhism.We can see that prince
Shotoku greatly contributed Japanese Buddhism, built many Buddhist temples,
wrote three commentaries and created Japan’s first constitution, known as
seventeen articles of constitutions and Buddhism even became a state religion
of Japan during Prince Shotoku ruling the country. He devoted his great effort
to flourish Buddhism in Japan, and he invited many Buddhist scholars, skilled
Chinese workers to help Japanese society from China and he also sent Japanese
students, artists to China to learn and brought back to Japan. Prince Shotoku
opened first embassy in China to have better diplomacy between two countries.
By putting his effort for the development of the country in all aspect,
Buddhism flourished rapidly and majority of Japanese believed in both Buddhism
and Shinto and living in harmonious way. So we can realize that Buddhism has
been a great influenced in development of Japanese society and even today it is
still influential aspect of Japanese culture. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bibliography</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Alicia
Matsunaga and Daigan Matsunaga<i>, Foundation of Japanese Buddhism,</i> Vol 1,
Los Angeles, Tokyo: Buddhist Books International,1996.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tamura,
Yoshiro<i>, Japanese Buddhism: A Cultural History</i>. Trans, Jeffrey Hunter. Tokyo:
Kosei Publishing Co. 2000.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Shinsho, H., &
Shoyu,H. The Birth of Japanese Buddhism, In T. Yoshinori (Ed), <i>Buddhist
Spirituality</i> vol.II, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2003</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Prof.Endo, Toshiichi,
Japanese Buddhism: history and doctrines, Lecture 1, 2016.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Soper.
A.C. A Pictorial Biography of Prince Shotoku. The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Bulletin. 1967.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Harvey,
P. An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices, New Delhi:
Cambridge University Press, 2004.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">George
J., Jr. Religions of Japan in Practice, Edt, Tanabe, Princeton University
Press, 1999.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hajime
Nakamura, Ways of Thinking of Eastern Peoples (Japan). University of Hawii
Press, 1968.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Daigan & Alicia Matsunaga, (1974).<i>Foundation
of Japanese Buddhism</i>, Vol 1, Tokyo: Buddhist Books International, P.12</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
K. Krishna Murthy, (1989). <i>Buddhism in Japan</i>: Delhi, Sundeep Prakashan,
P.20</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> Daigan & Alicia
Matsunaga, (1974).<i>Foundation of Japanese Buddhism</i>, Vol 1, Tokyo:
Buddhist Books International, P.13</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
<i>Ibid,</i> P.14</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a> Shinsho, H., & Shoyu,H.
(2003). <i>The Birth of Japanese Buddhism</i>, In T. Yoshinori (Ed), <i>Buddhist
Spirituality</i> vol.II, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. </div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a> Tamura, Yoshiro (2000). <i>Japanese
Buddhism: A Cultural History</i> (tran. Jeffrey Hunter) Tokyo: Kosei Publishing
Co. P. 29.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> Daigan & Alicia
Matsunaga, (1974).<i>Foundation of Japanese Buddhism</i>, Vol 1, Tokyo:
Buddhist Books International, P.15</div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
<i>Ibid</i>, P.15</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>
<i>Ibid</i>, P.14</div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
Photo credit---http://mayaincaaztec.com/princeshotoku.html</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-79606055232570789092016-06-20T08:27:00.000-07:002016-06-20T08:27:33.583-07:00A Study of Dhammakaya in Mahayana Buddhism<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirWyxTB3lNQCfbElhXb-GDQFi8XOXcM2_NWZf84RkWrfHsuNLVWVm4T4RIZAY6vVGGWjs7pleR4aZKso1ngOO8yU3n5v2ksX51UEIWlO2Dwg_YDkyOgulthD7Zx-J9i-TWj3_qmls5/s1600/13461073_1720572461549584_1188071447_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirWyxTB3lNQCfbElhXb-GDQFi8XOXcM2_NWZf84RkWrfHsuNLVWVm4T4RIZAY6vVGGWjs7pleR4aZKso1ngOO8yU3n5v2ksX51UEIWlO2Dwg_YDkyOgulthD7Zx-J9i-TWj3_qmls5/s320/13461073_1720572461549584_1188071447_o.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According Mahayana Buddhist tradition, the
Buddha has three bodies or three aspects of personality, they are; Dhammakaya,
Sambhogakaya and Nirmanakaya. If we study Early Buddhism, we cannot find the
theory of three bodies or trikaya but we can find Dhammakaya and Rupakaya
concept in the early Buddhism, we cannot find sambhogakaya or the body of
reward or enjoyment. The three body doctrine indicates that all Buddha were
described and combined in three ways. The Buddha appeared in human world in
order to give Dhamma which is for the benefit all suffering beings and the
teaching guided human beings how to eradicate suffering. By trying to
understand the three body of the Buddha, one can realize and perceive the true
nature of all Buddha. And in the early Buddhist teaching that we can notice
about only two Kaya that the Buddha possessed: 1. Dhammakaya which can be
explained as the Buddha had human identity with all types of human weakness
such as physical sickness and face with all kinds of challenges. 2 the second
one is considered as rupakaya superhuman which possessed of thirty-two marks of
a great man and six kinds of supernormal knowledge. In this essay paper, I am
going to discuss only one body which is Dhammakaya out of three and I will also
describe the characteristic of Dhammakaya according to Mahayana Buddhism.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dhammakaya</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Dhamma is that
which was realized by the Buddha and taught to his followers; conversely, the
Buddha is he who has realized the Dhamma, who has become one with the Dhamma,,
the “one who has the dhamma for his body” Dhammakaya.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></sup></span></sup></a>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The term of Dhammakaya
can be found in the early Buddhist text and The Body of Dhamma or true body of
a Buddha, which is the essence of the Buddha a fundamental truth that the
Buddha has enlightened.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it is
basically spiritually fully enlightened being. We can simply understand that
Dhammakaya is formless body which is something that is always present. In the
nikaya, it is said that the one who sees dhammakaya also sees the Buddha. And
Sarvastivadins sometime described that there are eighty thousands dhammakayas
which consists of three divisions: morality, concentration, and wisdom and those
eighty thousands of dhammakayas are also mentioned in sutras consisting of five
divisions: sila, Samadhi, prajna, vimukti and vimukti-jnana-darsana.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The concept of the
Dhammakaya has been fully developed and reinterpreted in the Mahayana sutras
and sastras in two aspects: (1) philosophical and (2) salvific.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The first aspect or
philosophical aspect has been more develops with two new concepts by
Mahayanists. The two new concepts are: the tathagatagarbha and the buddhadhatu.
According to Mahavaipulyarathagatagarbhasutra, every sentient beings has
potential to be Buddha or Buddha-nature, the true body of dhammakaya has
existed in all sentient beings but when the defilement influenced over sentient
beings, so the people cannot see the things as they really are. And the second
aspect or the salvific aspect of the Dhammakaya has also been developed in th
ePrajnaparamitasutras. And the Pancavimsatisahasrika affirmed that before the
Buddha teach Dhamma to the followers, he radiate the light from his body. However,
salvific aspect in some Mahayana text is extended, “<i>the Buddha is the
dhammakaya, which is eternal and can deliver suffering sentient beings by its
numerous manifestations”.</i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></sup></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a description in the Avatamsaka
that all sentient beings can liberate by hearing doctrine and seeing
dhammakaya. In th e Samyukatagama, the minister of Asoka questions about his
immense supporting in order to spread of Buddhist teaching that King Asoka
explained his lavish supporting to build stupas as well as to preserve and
transmit of original teaching of Dhamma. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Asked by ministers why
those offerings surpass all others, he says “the Body of Tathagata is the body
of Dhamma(s), pure in nature. He (Ananda) was able to retain it, them, all; for
this reason, the offering (him) surpass (all others).</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></sup></span></span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The most important
thing is that Dhamma which compose the true identification of the Buddhas, not
just only the body. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The true body consists of the eighteen
exclusive attributes, the ten powers, the four kinds of intrepidity, the three
foundations of mindfulness and great compassion. All of these qualities are the
mental strength of the Buddha. There is confusing case concerning the list of
eighteen exclusive dharmas which is complicated between Sarvastivada and
Mahayana tradition. Mahayana list concerning eighteen exclusive dharmas is
different from Sarvastivada. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1h0eTErAk6PKNKelH9xnQQPdstodqHzaBAYCYQpstwiHKAnAbG8WKkwz4BqiyWbw-6Ca03076_tCUbS6R-ipWuAfZHJv5Gt9aBeQm-hMhrMOABZ5x_vSMr11eZWqI5YIM3OyWEm_G/s1600/13493380_1720572431549587_2122336254_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1h0eTErAk6PKNKelH9xnQQPdstodqHzaBAYCYQpstwiHKAnAbG8WKkwz4BqiyWbw-6Ca03076_tCUbS6R-ipWuAfZHJv5Gt9aBeQm-hMhrMOABZ5x_vSMr11eZWqI5YIM3OyWEm_G/s320/13493380_1720572431549587_2122336254_o.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The ten powers</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ten powers can be found in the
Majjhimanikaya, No.12. Mahasihanada suttas. Ten wisdom powers are featured to
the Buddha. The ten powers are:</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
Buddha possessed the power to know possible or impossible conditions and
the Buddha knows all factors, what is right and wrong, and cause and
conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
Buddha has power to know consequence of every action, and the power to
know all kinds actions of the past, present and future.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Wisdom
power of liberations, meditation, concentration and attainment and also
the Buddha has power to know all those supporting factors to the path of
liberation.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
Buddha truly knows the moral faculties of all beings which is lower or
higher faculties of all sentient beings.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
Buddha truly knows the purity and inclination of all sentient beings and
also knows the different aspirations of other living beings and
individuals. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
Buddha knows the actual condition of every individual and also know the
acquired dispositions of all beings.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
Buddha knows which path leads to which destination or path that leads to
different destinies.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
Buddha possessed the power that he could recollect all his former
existences as well as other being’s previous existences.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
Buddha sees with his divine eyes the death-place and rebirth of all
beings.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
Buddha has the wisdom power of destruction of impure influence. </span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Buddha possessed of
those ten powers of wisdom that indicated the Buddha is fully awakened, and who
obtains leadership. There is clear declaration that only the Buddha possesses
these qualities. It is impossible for ordinary people even Arahant to have
those qualities. All of those ten powers are mental strength of the Buddha and
all mental power of the Buddha is wisdom, this is why, those ten powers is
described as great wisdom. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis-OL8J_VCDhvcr_TfZA0MZ69-R5F2YQ5vV4DLVdCChnvq7yLV_Q3OBn4OZ5vc3wHgywNeRZY2jcRxuGrn_CiUq7WbeTwYKX6mplHYyiJVtVM097TQVRgZz1HAC-pb6jRX1Vmr6hUs/s1600/13467822_1720572414882922_9291834_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis-OL8J_VCDhvcr_TfZA0MZ69-R5F2YQ5vV4DLVdCChnvq7yLV_Q3OBn4OZ5vc3wHgywNeRZY2jcRxuGrn_CiUq7WbeTwYKX6mplHYyiJVtVM097TQVRgZz1HAC-pb6jRX1Vmr6hUs/s320/13467822_1720572414882922_9291834_o.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Four Kinds of
Intrepidity </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The four kinds of
intrepidity also have wisdom as their essence because the first intrepidity
corresponds to the first power, the second to the tenth power, the third to the
second power, and the fourth to the seventh power.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The ten wisdom and the
four kinds of intrepidity have their own essence and we can compare these two
that the first intrepidity is similar to the fire power which mentioned the
Buddha has attained fully enlightenment, so that the Buddha knows possible and
impossible condition with his power. And the second intrepidity is similar to
the tenth power which described that the Buddha has destroyed all defilements.
The third intrepidity is alike to the second power which explained the people
the elements which disturb for the realization of true Dharma. And the fourth
intrepidity is the same to the seventh power which expressed the method of
liberation or the Buddha knows the paths that leads different destines. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The three foundations
of mindfulness</span></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-right: 18.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When his
disciples listen, accept and practice his teaching unanimously and
respectfully, the tathagata experiences neither joy or satisfaction, but
remains in different, in full mindfulness and awareness.</span></i></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-right: 18.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When his
disciples do not respect, do not hear, do not accept and do not practice
his teaching unanimously, the tathagata does not experience displeasure or
impatience, but remains indifferent, in full mindfulness and awareness. </span></i></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-right: 18.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When some
of his disciples hear, accept and practice his teaching respectfully,
while others do not hear, do not accept and do not practice his teaching.
The Buddha does not experience joy or displeasure but remains indifferent,
in full mindfulness and awareness.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a>
</span></i></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The three foundation of
mindfulness indicate that The Buddha does not expose the emotion but
indifferent whether disciples agree or disagree of his teaching because he has
achieved the practice of emptiness and eliminated all defilements. And the
Buddha always has full mindfulness and awareness. These three foundations of
mindfulness also similar to the first of ten power which described as the
Buddha knows truly what is right and wrong as well as cause and condition.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0s2AP-_j1744frkYT1RPkBQMZhj7-8UbQBIKmoyQ9l8GDDEhT80b_oss3jsLDGaedCgDEfI3GWvTjWDcDwkrnhaAJkABSiIJrCIzYauMlUImzhJmEcFCbJkihSVhmhsPCgVk4bFTU/s1600/13467280_1720572371549593_863706227_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0s2AP-_j1744frkYT1RPkBQMZhj7-8UbQBIKmoyQ9l8GDDEhT80b_oss3jsLDGaedCgDEfI3GWvTjWDcDwkrnhaAJkABSiIJrCIzYauMlUImzhJmEcFCbJkihSVhmhsPCgVk4bFTU/s320/13467280_1720572371549593_863706227_o.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The great Compassion</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The great compassion is one of the most
important qualities of the Buddha, and it is the root of Bodhicitta which is
the path to achieve enlightenment. The great compassion is one of the sixth
perfections which the Bodhisattava practice in order to become fully enlightened
one to benefit of the world and all sentient beings with his great teaching.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Buddha is described
as one who is fully accomplished in both wisdom and compassion.</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></sup></span></span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
The compassion of the Buddha is different from ordinary people’s compassion.
There are some reasons behind why it is called great compassion. According to
Leo M. Pruden’s English Translation of the Abhidharmakasabhasya, there are
eight ways in distinction between great compassion and ordinary compassion.
Some of them are that ordinary compassion has not hatred, thus great compassion
is absence ignorance. Ordinary compassion takes the form of ordinary suffering,
but great compassion takes the form of a threefold suffering. Ordinary
compassion is kind of partial compassion which has compassion for those who are
suffering, but great compassion is turned towards all beings equally. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQScDWkZREW2pYmKeWKFcdwlouL-2A8hWKmV4mo6cYXcwAXU1PXB_m3n9Ss_tJuC5IHYWrnFZ1JrDAmCqlnC35HJG9PDBC4JeN_udakqeSMhZpjL7JhBeYz8n3ij_Jgf_VrjghJ6IS/s1600/13467368_1720572374882926_1370800674_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQScDWkZREW2pYmKeWKFcdwlouL-2A8hWKmV4mo6cYXcwAXU1PXB_m3n9Ss_tJuC5IHYWrnFZ1JrDAmCqlnC35HJG9PDBC4JeN_udakqeSMhZpjL7JhBeYz8n3ij_Jgf_VrjghJ6IS/s320/13467368_1720572374882926_1370800674_o.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The development of
Dhammakaya concept in Mahayana Buddhism </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The notion of Dhammakaya in Mahayana
Buddhism has been developed from the early Mahayana Buddhist schools. New ideas
and terms have been added concerning the theory of Dhammakaya such as ththata,
tathagatagarbha and buddhadhatu. And the concept of dhammakaya was altered in
various ways in Mahayana sutras. <i>According to the text, this real nature
(ththata) is in everything including Ththagata and remains one and the same
without change at all times.</i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></sup></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It does not matter the Buddha exist in this
world or not, the nature of all things exist naturally. And the nature of all
things in Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita (Asta) described as emptiness.
Bodhisattava become fully enlightened one because he truly realized the nature
of all things and dependent co-arising as emptiness. Thus everything is empty. <i>The
Asta explains that even the Buddha is empty, comes from nowhere and goes
nowhere because all dhammas are empty.</i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></sup></span></sup></a> So we
can note that if we realize the true nature of dhamma, there is nothing exists,
everything is emptiness. This is why Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita (Asta)
affirmed that all Dharmas are characterized by emptiness which does not have
creator, origin, and birth. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Avatamsaka states that
all sentient being can get the benefits of dhammakaya without any
discrimination, even unbelievers of the Buddha can benefit of dhammakaya, just
light sunlight all living beings can benefit of sunlight without
discrimination. The sutra states:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Although
blind people do not see the sunlight of the wisdom of the Tathagata, yet they
benefit by it</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></sup></span></sup></a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">All sentient beings can
benefit the light of wisdom that the Buddha possesses if they come and acquire
the light of true dhamma of the Buddha. if you see the light of true dhamma of
the Buddha will benefit the pure dhamma, the light of true wisdom will even
eliminate the suffering, and give happiness, and finally attain enlightenment. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyVXXw9ZnyVIyzgGDbnTwtoRF6CXidEAqbi357RPs_VQOfkYNbHZHozSfNnuJdMiYEPnSkIoc8DT0JLIAkpV-IBeXNNnP9M_VgvMKg9_AVb75RpnwPmY0zWQxM62qILwp47ylX6yXh/s1600/13493688_1720574394882724_1204309839_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyVXXw9ZnyVIyzgGDbnTwtoRF6CXidEAqbi357RPs_VQOfkYNbHZHozSfNnuJdMiYEPnSkIoc8DT0JLIAkpV-IBeXNNnP9M_VgvMKg9_AVb75RpnwPmY0zWQxM62qILwp47ylX6yXh/s320/13493688_1720574394882724_1204309839_o.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The notion of
Dhammakaya in Mahaparinirvanasutra</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Dhammakaya is
eternity, happiness, self, and purity.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a>
</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mahaparinirvanasutra in
Mahayana Buddhism affirmed the eternity of the Buddha in two ways, they are:
the Buddha is dhammakaya which described in five Mahayana sutras that all
Buddhas bodies are only one Dhammakaya. And the second one is the concept of
nirvana which explains the distinction between nirvana attained by sravakas and
pratyekabuddha. And Mahaparinirvanasutra in Mahayana version own four
attributes which are: eternity, happiness, self, and purity. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 163.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Non-duality
of Dhammakaya<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tathata, the real
nature of all dharmas, is neither existent nor non-existent.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a> </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dhammakaya is the
reality of the universe which is completely free from duality. It is said in
Avatamsaka that the Body of dhamma is neither reality nor illusion. It is not
past because Dhammakaya eliminated all kinds of worldly existences, it is also
not future because Dhammakaya will not be arising again. This is why Dhammakaya
is non-dual and it is pure and equal. Lankavatarasutra explained dhammakaya as
buddhadhatu and discussed that the body of dhamma cannot be described or
expressed in words. For instance, cause and effect, or created and uncreated,
the cause is that it is non- dual. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAMNP95bFBwMh0ImXMP2Y-CCalAtO48uvjPZ3zfen0AvO67bTixseudh-eERjH4uo7RujOMLlWUnvJzg7LsyGs6xJqVmMlskVga1Ri5X12edBS5fG4WTcHoWtYav2Ly2OPKWoctowH/s1600/13509812_1720574408216056_1044620177_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAMNP95bFBwMh0ImXMP2Y-CCalAtO48uvjPZ3zfen0AvO67bTixseudh-eERjH4uo7RujOMLlWUnvJzg7LsyGs6xJqVmMlskVga1Ri5X12edBS5fG4WTcHoWtYav2Ly2OPKWoctowH/s320/13509812_1720574408216056_1044620177_o.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Conclusion </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All sentient being possesses Buddha-nature
or everyone has potential to be Buddha. Bodhisattava practice six perfections
till he attained fully enlightenment. The Buddha possessed three bodies; Buddha
as the embodiment of enlightenment with wisdom, compassion, and perfect
freedom. And the body of dhammakaya is, in fact, one of them. As we have
studied the notion of dhammakaya, the concept of dhammakaya has fully developed
in many Mahayana sutras which were in two aspects; philosophical and salvific.
The first one is that dhammakaya is described as true nature of all things or
suchness and non-dual. At the stage of Buddhahood, it is called Dhammakaya and
at the stage of sentient beings, it is called buddhadhatu. The second one
indicated the Buddha has salvific power to liberate all sentient beings. He
could help to all sentient being for the liberation of all sufferings by
guiding true dhamma. And Avatamsaka described that by seeing of dhammakaya, all
sentient beings can liberate, all sentient beings can attain enlightenment, and
all beings can become Dhammakaya. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bibliography </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Guang
Xing, 2005. The Concept of the Buddha: Its evolution from early Buddhism to the
trikaya theory. RoutledgeCurzon Critical Stuies in Buddhism. London and New
York: RoutledgeCurzon. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Daisetz
Teitaro Suzuki, 2000. Outlines of Mahayana Buddhism. New Delhi: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt.Ltd.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Makransky,
John. 1997. Buddhahood Embodied: Sources of Controversy in India and Tibet. New
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gokhale,
Balkrishna Govind, 1994. New Light on Early Buddhism. London: Sangam Books
Limited.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Harrison, Paul,
1992. <i>‘Is the Dhammakaya the Real Phantom Body of the Buddha?</i>’ The
Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, Vol.15, No.1,
52-53.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Habito, Ruben
L.F. <i>The Trikaya Doctrine in Buddhism</i>, Buddhist-Christian Studies, 1986,
Vol. 6.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Habito, Ruben L.F. <i>The Trikaya Doctrine in Buddhism</i>, Buddhist-Christian
Studies, 1986, Vol.6, P.54</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> <i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>Guang Xing,<i> “The Development of the
Concept of the Buddha”, in Budhdist and Pali Studies in Honour of the Venerable
Professor K Anuruddha, edited <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ven.K
Dhammajoti and Y Karunadasa (</i>Hong Kong:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, 2009 ) , 398.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Guang Xing, <i>The Development of the Concept
of the Buddha,</i>399</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a> Harrison, Paul, <i>‘Is the
Dhammakaya the Real Phantom Body of the Buddha?</i>’ (The Journal of the
International Association of Buddhist Studies, Vol.15, No.1, 1992), 52-53.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a> Guang Xing,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>The Concept of the Buddha: its evolution
from early Buddhism to trikaya theory,</i> (London and New York:
RoutledgeCurzon Critical Buddhist Studies<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>in Buddhism, 2005), 39.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gong Xing, <i>The Concept of the Buddha,</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>40</div>
</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>
Gong Xing, <i>The Concept of the Buddha</i>, 40</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Guang Xing, <i>The Concept of the Buddha,</i>
76</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>
Guang Xing, <i>The Concept of the Buddha,</i> 78</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Guang Xing<i>, The Concept of the Buddha</i>,
85</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>
Guang Xing, <i>The Concept of the Buddha,</i> 92</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a>
Guang Xing, <i>The Concept of the Buddha,</i> 94 </div>
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ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-4144536137255869222016-01-31T21:49:00.000-08:002016-01-31T21:49:21.104-08:00The Historicity of the First Buddhist Council <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2FD_G0oTGBOR68SXEA7OALtMXJBgFqCxjIRckfPIqEkoKppbq6Ollpq_ripXjCOmh2b-ZKyzQcgfIO3NqopxVMAhriuQdbBvBGWlzmF7yq_pRkn0Mlsk0bVdh3P3eSyhxOMC0zAJU/s1600/Buddhist-councils.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2FD_G0oTGBOR68SXEA7OALtMXJBgFqCxjIRckfPIqEkoKppbq6Ollpq_ripXjCOmh2b-ZKyzQcgfIO3NqopxVMAhriuQdbBvBGWlzmF7yq_pRkn0Mlsk0bVdh3P3eSyhxOMC0zAJU/s320/Buddhist-councils.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">One of the most important
events in the Buddhist history after the Buddha passed away was the first
Buddhist Council or Pathama Sangayana. We can note that today there are
different concepts and views on Buddhist Councils between Theravada and
Mahayana traditions but both sects had accepted the first Buddhist council
without any huge controversial issue concerning this event. </span><br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">First Buddhist Council </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After 7 days the
Buddha passed away, the fragrant wood on the Buddha’s corpse was not catches
fire. So the king asked to the Anuruda why was it happened like this? Then
Anurudda answered that it was because Mahakassapa was not here and he was
travelling from Pava to Kushinagara together with 5oo monks.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">On the way to Kushinagara, Mahakassapa met with the naked
ascetic and asked do you know our teacher Buddha? The naked ascetic responded
that I knew him and he passed away a week ago, then after hearing this news,
some ordinary monks cried and lamented over the death of the Buddha. But the
monks who are already attained Arhantship silently bore their grief. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">At the time one of the monk called Subhadda came front and
told to all monks not to be lament and sad for the Buddha passed away because
we are now free and there is no one who can prevent not to do this or not to do
that, now we can do whatever we like.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 382.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The monk Subhaddha openly rejoiced at the loss of the
Buddha who exasperated the monks with his observation; he proposed that the
Bhikkhu, now free of all restraint, should live as they liked</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">After this incident, Mahakassapa was shocked and unhappy
over the Subhadda. This irreverent speech made him more anxiety for the future
purity of the Dhamma. Mahakassapa and his followers traveled to Kusinara for
the last respect of Buddha. When they arrived to Kusinara, they gave their
respect to the Buddha and the fragrant wood was automatically catch fire. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">After the Buddha cremation, there was not any ash or
charcoal but relics. And several kings and warriors demands to get Buddha’s
relics and the Brahman named Sona divided into 8 portions and distributed to
each kings.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">After finished of the contributing Buddha’s relics, huge
amount of number monks were gathering for the first Buddhist Council and Mahakassapa
stated the case of Subhadda rude speech and encouraged to hold Buddhist council
then other participant monks agreed with his suggestion and led the Mahakassapa
to be selected the monks for the first Buddhist Council.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">In
order to ensure that indiscipline would not infiltrate the order, Kasapa
proposed that the monks perform a joint recitation of the Law (dhamma) and
discipline (vinaya). He chose 499 Arhats but, at their request, also convoked
Ananda who, although he was not an Arht, was best acquired with the Buddha’s
teaching</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Mahakassapa selected 499 Arahant monks for the first
Buddhist Council. CCounciland dand he did not selected to Ananda at first
because other monks may blamed or criticized him if he choose Ananda because he
is He did not select to Ananda because other Arhant monks might blamed or
criticized him over selecting the one who did not attended Arhantship yet but
without Ananda the first Buddhist Council would not be successful. Because
Ananda is only one who lived closely with Buddha and he learned a lot from the
Buddha, he could recite the Buddha words as in original. Later others monks
suggest to include Ananda in order to be 500 Aranhats, then Mahakassapa
selected Ananda to take apart in the first Buddhist Council.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">And for the place to be hold the event, everyone agreed
to choose Rajagaha because there were many temples and many lay supporters who
could support throughout long period of the event. And Mahakassapa forbid the
monks not to stay in Rajagaya except 500 Aranhats because this event took long
period of time and if some monks came to front and against to the council then
the first Buddhist Council would not be successful. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Ananda and others monks went to the palace and asked the
king to renovate the 18 temples for the council, so that the king repaired all
the temples. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Ananda practiced his best before the council started and
he attained Arhanthood while trying to lie down at bed. It was weird that he
attained Arhanthood while his body was in middle level of bed and the body was
not touch yet at the bed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">In the next day, the all Arhant monks gathered at the
particular place for the council, Mahakassapa asked about Vinaya, the cause of
laid down each rules and Upali answered clearly every questions of Mahakassapa,
then other 500 Arhant monks also approved all the answers, then all Arhant
monks divided into many chapters and arranged the major or manor rules list in
order. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">After finished all questions and answers successfully for
the Vinaya Pitaka, all 500 Arhant monks recited well done three times. The next
section for the Suttanta Pitaka started. All monks selected Ananda to answer of
all questions concerning Suttanta Pitaka. Mahakasapa questioned each Suttas,
the main cause of appear the suttas and how importance it was and also
questioned about five Nikayas. Ananda gave answers very clearly and accurately.
Others Arhant monks accepted and arranged each Suttas and divided into five
Nikaya such as Digha Nikaya, Maggima Nikaya, Samyutta Nikaya, Angutra Nikaya,
and Khudaka Nikaya. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">After finished questions and answers for the Dhamma, all
Arhant monks recited as Well done three times. So the most important event the
first Buddhist Council was done successfully. After finished the first Buddhist
Council, Ananda told other Arhant monks in respect that the Buddha told to
Ananda before he passed away that if Sangha community wish or agree to remove
some minor rules or Sakhapada in future, you could do it. But Ananda did not
ask to the Buddha which rules were belonging to minor rules? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some Arhant monks
said Parajika 4 and Sangadisaysa 13 are major rules, the rest are minor rules
but some Arhant monks said Parajika 4, Sanghadisaysa 23, Aniyata 2, Nisaggi
Paccitiya 30, Pacittaya 92 are major rules, the rest are minor rules. There
were some controversial among them for omission of some minor rules. Mahakassapa
gave suggestion to all Arhant monks that lay people have already known the
rules for the monks such as monks are not allowed to have dinner, not allowed
to cut down the trees. If we removed those minor rules and if monks eat dinner
then lay people may criticize on it, blame on it, therefore we should not
remove any rules and we should preserve the Buddha’s Dhamma as original. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">All Arhant monks were agree with Mahakassapa suggestion
and decided not to remove any rules and not to change any minor rules. Then the
most important event in the Buddhist history the first Buddhist Council was
successfully done.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">There were some controversial matters that Ananda was
arraigned by the other Arhant monks for the five matters.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The
Buddha mentioned during his life time to Ananda that if most monks wish or want
to remove some minor rules, the Buddha allowed it but Ananda did not ask which
are minor rules or major rules clearly so that Ananda was blamed and criticized
for it. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">On
the other day, Ananda sew the Buddha’s robe by putting it under his feet so
other monks were not happy to see this and blamed to Ananda for disrespect
action upon the Buddha’s robe.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">After
Buddha passed away, many women from distance came for giving<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>last respect to the Buddha, Ananda let women
to give respect first and women cried and tear drop down into the Buddha body.
So other monks blamed to Ananda to let women first giving respect.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The
Buddha can live longer to guide right path and give Dhamma talk to human beings
but Ananda did not say to the Buddha to live longer for all beings. Monks
blamed to Ananda for his defect or fault.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Ananda
asked the Buddha to allow women ordination for three times and the Buddha
allowed women ordination. Others monks blamed to Ananda for trying to allow
women ordination. These were the shortcomings or defeats of Ananda.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Ananda confessed that all those cases were his fault or defect
to be satisfying other Arhant monks.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 20.05pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Briefly,
the proceedings of the First Council achieved four results (10) the settlement
of the Vinaya under the leadership of Upali, (2) the settlement of the texts of
the Dhamma under the leadership of Ananda (3) the trail of Ananda, and (4) the
punishment of Channa</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[3]</span></sup></span></sup></a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The First Buddhist Council took long period of time in
order to complete successfully and finally it was done by 500 Arahant monks. According
to Theravada tradition, Mahakassapa and king Ajatasatu approved to create the
Buddhist era or calendar that accounted from the year of Buddha’s passed away. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Conclusion </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The first Buddhist council was the most important event
in the Buddhist history and there was not any big controversy unlike other
Buddhist Councils. To be done of this council successfully, the king Ajatasattu
sponsored through, and the council was held at Saptapani cave which was outside
of Rajagaha. The Rajagaha was the capital of Maghada kingdom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mahakassapa was the leader of this council.
And he selected 500 Arahat monks for the council. Upali and Ananda two of
Arahat monks have recited vinaya pitaka and sutta pitaka. The first Buddhist
council was done successfully led by Mahakassapa and 500 Arahat monks
participation. The main purpose of this council was to preserve the purity of
the Buddha’s teaching and to maintain as original.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Lamotte.E, <i>History of Indian Buddhism</i>, Peeters Press, Paris, 1956, P.125</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Lamotte.E, <i>History of Indian Buddhism</i>, Peeters Press, Paris, 1956, P.125</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Bapat. P.V, <i>2500 Years of Buddhism</i>, Publications Division Ministry of
Information and Broadcasting Government of India, New Delhi, 1878, P. 36</div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
Picture credit to http://earlyworldhistory.blogspot.hk/2012/04/buddhist-councils.html</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-62571279887492898412016-01-28T18:37:00.000-08:002016-01-28T18:37:02.583-08:00The Contributions of King Asoka in the 3rd Century B.C. towards the spread of Buddhism<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhkcfzVF_yKpb-bAnH8Dksv62Y8jKikBeOx9e01drdMwbYoJ3uNoQClTysDPwRyKf2aCgrvDSdmR9yxKFxWkMaYPqUaqRvps9oakRYq5wF6CCX6yDkxhyphenhyphenFXPwRoU6LU8pC2UbHlfFW/s1600/Ashoka-the-Great.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhkcfzVF_yKpb-bAnH8Dksv62Y8jKikBeOx9e01drdMwbYoJ3uNoQClTysDPwRyKf2aCgrvDSdmR9yxKFxWkMaYPqUaqRvps9oakRYq5wF6CCX6yDkxhyphenhyphenFXPwRoU6LU8pC2UbHlfFW/s320/Ashoka-the-Great.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The
king Asoka was the third ruler of Maurya Empire who ruled almost entire of Indian
continent and it was one of the greatest empires in India of all time. He
supported Buddhism in order to spread every part of India and outside of India.
He was not a Buddhist but followers of Jainism as following of his family
religious belief. According to Buddhist literary sources, he became a Buddhist
and follow Buddhism zealously after the end of war. The kind Asoka was main
supporter to spread Buddhism throughout of Indian and outside of India in the 3<sup>rd</sup>
century. It is a clear that Buddhism was the most influential and dominates
religion during Asoka ruling. Although he was a pious king of Buddhism and
support much amount of money to build monasteries, pagodas, monument and other
social activities, he had the power to control to all Sangha community and we
can know clearly about that he could managed the Sangha community with his
power. So the time of Asoka reign was one of the most glorious times in India histories
despite Buddhism was fading and eventually died out from India after he passed
away. Although Buddhism disappeared in India, Buddhism was flourished in other
parts, particularly in Southeast Asia. </span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Asoka Early life</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Asoka was born in 304 B.C and the meaning of
Asoka is “happiness or without sorrow or without grief”. Since his father
Bindusara had been ruled the country, Asoka had been trained and learned to be
a militaristic ruler. And he was known as the most intelligent among many sons
of his father. He was strong, fearless and had a great military skill. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Asoka was the grandson and
second successor of Candragupta, who founded Mauryan dynasty and empire about
324 B.C.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[1]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a> </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">As described in paragraph, Asoka
was the grandson of the founder of Mauryan dynasty Candragupta.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was son of Bidusara the second Mauryan
emperor and he had many half-brothers because his father Bidusara had several
wives. Since young age, he was good at fighting and good at hunting as well.
And he was strong young prince that he could even kill a lion with only a
wooden rod. This was the reason why he was recognized as fearless, cruel and
heartless young prince.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">According to Buddhist
literature sources, in his youth Ashoka was known to be a man of fierce
temperament and called Canda Ashoka (fierce Ashoka).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[2]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">As a prince, Asoka was cruel
person in his young age and he had ruthless character on others. As soon as he has
known the situation of his father about to death, he immediately went to the
capital, Pataliputra and occupied it and also killed all the princes. Asoka had
a plan to expand his empire by establishing of powerful military.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa, after
his father Bidusara passed away, he had battle with his brothers that took 2
years and he killed 99 of his brothers in order to possess the throne. And he
had to wait for four years for the crown moment in order to become the third
Mauryan Empire ruler.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the thirteen rock-edicts described that
many lives were devastated by war and many thousands of people were deported
and captive.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Beloved of the God, King
Piyadasi, conquered the Kalingas eight years after his coronation. One hundred
and fifty thousands were deported, one hundred thousand were killed and many
more died (from other causes). After Kalingas had been conquered, Beloved of
the God came to feel a strong inclination towards the Dhamma.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[3]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Asoka ruled the country as his
grandfather Candragupta did, and he used military power to expand his empire.
At the eight years of his reign, he defeat and invaded Kalinga kingdom. At war
conquest of Asoka, people were devastated, thousands of people were killed,
several thousands of people were injured and many thousands of people were
arrested and put in the prisons. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">After finished the war, King
Asoka felt unhappy over the war, because many thousands of innocent people were
killed by this war,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>he was at pain,
profound sorrow and regret thinking of about war what he did and turning
out<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>into the pious life. Cruel king
Asoka became transferred into a kind and pious king Asoka. He felt immense
grief over the thousands of innocent death by war. After the battle of Kalinga,
he decided not to make any war or not more killing any innocent live but to
live in peacefully and religious way. He inspires other people in his country
not to involve in the conflict or commit evil action but try to develop virtue,
morality, and principle. And many edicts inscribed on stone pillars throughout
of countries in order to inform the people about his new philosophy and
concept. He made up his mind to make no more war but propagate more of Dhamma.
In this case, what does mean by Dhama? It is not clear that the word Dhama used
by Asoka is not refereeing to the Buddha’s Dharma. It seems that the word Dhama
used by him is refer to social concern, moral conduct and religious tolerance
rather than Buddhism.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">According to Buddhist
tradition, Asoka’s father Bindusara has favoured the Ajivaka religion. His
grandfather Candragupta is said to have favoured Jainism. Asoka himself, like
his father, favoured the Ajivakas in the early years of his reign, although all
of these monarchs honoured the Brahmanic or “priestly” forebears of Hinduism.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[4]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Before he converted to
Buddhism, he had embraced the Ajivaka religion and also favoured Brahmanism as
following of his father’s faith. And he supported Branhma and Jain ascetic
monks. But after listening Dhamma by ethical conduct of novice Nigrodha young
Buddhist monk, he interested in Dhamma and he converted to Buddhism and became
a zealous follower of the Buddha. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">When he had refreshed him with
hard and soft food prepared for himself he questioned the samanera concerning
the doctrine taught by Sambuddha. Then the samanera preacher to him the
‘Appamadavagga’. And when the lord of the earth had heard him he was won to the
doctrine of the conqueror, and he said to Nigrodha: My dear, I bestow on three
night perpetual supplies of the food.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[5]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">According to Mahavamsa, Asoka
was interested in Buddhism, cherished the Dhamma and lived as the way of
Buddhist life after he had been heard Dhamma from young novice Nigrodha. From
that day, he donated foods for thousands of monks in his royal palace.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He supported Buddhism more than other
religions such as Hinduism, Jainism and otherwise. He lavished his wealth and
built eighty-four thousands (84,000) pagodas and monasteries and generously
supported four requisites for monks. His son Mahinda twenty years old and his
daughter Sanghamitta eighteen years old were ordained and they had been
striving to propagate Buddhism entire of his lifetime.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Asoka’s Contribution to
Buddhism</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">His effort to expend the
Dhamma around the country was effective and Buddhism was rapidly flourished
from one part to another part of the country.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">There he erected a pillar
bearing an inscription which says that he visited the place to pay homage to
the birth-place of the Buddha. Moreover, to commemorate his visit to the place
he exempted the local people from paying taxes to his government.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[6]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Asoka paid respect Buddha,
Dhamma and Sangha. He went pilgrimages to the Buddha holy places. He went to
Lumbini garden where the Buddha was born, and he built a pillar carved
inscription about his pilgrimage trip. He exempted the people from paying tax
who came to visit and paid respect the Buddha. And he pilgrimage to Buddha Gaya
where the Buddha attained enlightenment. He supported Buddhism as much as he could
in order to spread Buddhism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">From that time onwards the
revenues of the brotherhood were exceeding great, and since those who were
converted later caused the revenues to increase, heretics who had (thereby)
lost revenue and honour took likewise the yellow robe, for the sake of revenue
and dwelt together with Bhikkhus. They proclaimed their own doctrines as the
doctrine of the Buddha and carried out their own practices and even as they
wished.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[7]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the other hand, other ascetic monks had suffered
and gained less supporting by King Asoka then they try to join with different
ways into Buddhism to survive their life. Some ascetic monks from Jainism and
Brahmanism became Buddhist monks in order to survive their life easily and even
gave preached Dhamma wrongly which was not the Buddha’s teaching. They practice
as they did in Jainism and Brahmanism. They lived together with moral and pure
monks. The real monks were disturbed by those fake monks and held no
Uposatha-ceremony and the ceremony of Pavarana for seven years in these areas
and in Asokarama monastery. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">After King Asoka aware of this
case, he sent a minister to manage Sangha community, but misguided minister
commanded and killed the monks who were not listened to him. Again King Asoka
feel unhappy hearing of his minister’s brutal and heartless<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>action over the monk or<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>killing<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>who were not listen to him. And again the king searching the leader monk
who could manage this matter and finally he had found the monk named
Moggaliputtatassa Thera by suggestion of group monks, then he invited the monk
to his palace and discussed to handle this problem. King Asoka learned
doctrines and also credos for several days. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">King Asoka judged each monk
concerning the wrong doctrine or right doctrine in order to have pure Buddhism.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">‘Sir, what did the blessed one
teach?’ and they each expounded their wrong doctrine, the Sassata-doctrine and
so forth. And all these adherents of false doctrine did the king cause to be
expelled from the order; those who were expelled were in all sixty thousands.
And now he asked rightly-believing bhikkhus: what does the Blessed One teach?
And they answered: he teaches the Vibhajja-doctrine.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[8]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">King Asoka invited all monks
to Asokarama monastery to investigate whether monks who follow the doctrine of
the Buddha or not by asking their credos. Fake monks could not answer the
question of Asoka but real monks could answer well. Then King Asoka had known
clearly either moral or immoral monks and expelled who followed heresy. For
those monks who answered well, he let them to stay as Buddhist monks. In this
case, many thousands of monks were deported from the county by judging of King.
Since sangha community is purified, monks hold Uposatha ceremony. We can note
that King Asoka had the power even to commanded the Sangha community.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Third Buddhist Council</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mogaliputtatassa pointed out Katha vitthu to
all monks about right view and wrong view or heresy in order to survive pure
Buddhism last longer. After finished talking about Katha vitthu to the monks,
Mogaliputtatassa other monks hold the third Buddhist council by supporting of
King Asoka. Mogapiputtatassa chose a thousands monks to participate in the
third Buddhist council. The council was took 9 months to finished completely.
Mongaloputtatassa talk about the Katha vitthu again at the third Buddhist
council about for those who believed wrong view or had heresy and also removed
from the country. In the first rock edict, he showed his loving-kindness on all
beings which described not to kill any living beings.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Here no living being are to be
slaughtered or offered in sacrifice. Nor should festival be held, for the
Beloved of the God, King Piyadasi, sees much to objects in such festivals,
although there are some festivals that Beloved of the God, king Piyadasi, does
approve of.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[9]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Asoka indicated his religious
tolerance and appreciated of all lives whether human or animal. He banned
killing animals whether in sacrifices or otherwise. He realized that huge
number of animals were killed for human’s food every day and he has declared
not to kill any animals whether for sacrifice of religions or food for human.
Because he wanted the people to cultivate moral virtues, and to develop
loving-kindness, compassion to all living beings. Asoka himself observed the
moral conduct, practicing to have generous mind, kindness, purity, gentleness
and respect to teachers as well as elders. And he advocated tolerance for all
religious sects, such as the Sramanahs, Brahmins, Jain and Ajivikas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wanted all religious denominations to
desist from self-praise and condemnation of others. We can note that how his
idea is closed to Buddhism. He drew up a list different kinds of living beings
which were to be exempted from slaughter. And he condemned the castration of
animals and their branding on Buddhist holy days. He also released prisoners
firm his prisons from time to time. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Asoka appointed religious
officer in different province in order to help the people to follow pious life.
He performed pious acts such as planting trees, digging wells, and opening
hospitals in both places of his own land and neighbour. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">As a pious Buddhist and in his
effort to propagate to Buddhism, King Asoka build many monuments, monasteries,
Buddha shrines and inscribed Dhamma on the rock and pillar in many places that
we can explore and study<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>today. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">King Asoka sent missionary to
9 regions </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mongalitassa Thera decided to send religious
missions to various places including outside of India by supporting of King
Asoka. The king wanted to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">expand Buddhism all parts of India. This is why; he had
sent religious missions to 9 regions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 18.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">When the Thera Moggaliputta,
the illuminator of religion of the conqueror, had brought the (third) council
to an end and when, looking into the future, he had beheld the founding of the
religion in adjacent countries, (then) in the month Kattika he sent forth
theras, one here and one there.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[10]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a> </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">According to Mahavamsa, He
sent religious missionary to 9 regions are as follows</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">1 Majjhantika was sent to
Kasmara-Gandhara region where he faced with fury the Naga king Aravala but he
won by using his supernatural power and finally they convert to Buddhism. Later
hundred thousand people converted to Buddhism.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">2 Mahadeva went to
Mahisamandala where he preached the Devaduta sutta, then many thousands of
people converted to Buddhism and also few thousands of people became Buddhist
monk by the leading of Mahadeva.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">3 Rakkhita went to Vanavasa
where he preached Anamatagga-samyutta. As result, sixty-thousand people were
converting to Buddhism and thirty-seven thousands were became Buddhist monks as
well as five hundred temples were established in the country. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">4 Yonaka-Dhammarakkhita went
to Aparantaka where he preached Aggikkhanopama sutta. There were thirty-seven
thousand people converting to Buddhism and a thousand men and a thousand women
were became Buddhist monk. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">5 Mahadhammarakkhita to
Maharattha where he preached Mahanaradakassapa jakata. Eighty-four thousand
people embraced Buddhism and thirteen-thousand people become Buddhist
monks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">6 Maharakkhita to Yonakaloka
where he preached kalakalama sutta and there a hundred and seventy thousand
people converted to Buddhism as well as ten thousand people were became
Buddhist monks. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">7 Majjhima went to Himalaya
region with other four monks where he preached Dhammacakkappavattana sutta and
where hundreds thousands of people converted to Buddhism. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">8 Sona and Uttara went to
Suvannabhumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">According to Burmese legend,
people believe that Buddhism was introduced in Burma since the Buddha time and
the Buddha even came to Burma for many times. There was a controversial issue
regarding the region of Suvannabhumi because there was not particular place
which called Suvannabhumi. And Thailand said, Suvannabhimi belong to Thailand,
Burma also said the same thing. But we still cannot find the exact place of
Suvannabhumi land. However, the land of Suvannabhumi might be called the region
of some part of Southeast Asia such as Thailand, Burma, and Cambodia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">9 Mahinda, who was the son of
Asoka, went to Lanka with other four monks where the Buddhism was the prominent
and main religion till now. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Asoka had done many significant
contributions for the expansion of Buddhism. His royal patronage to spread of
Buddhism was great impact throughout of the kingdom and he was trying not only
to spread of Buddha’s teaching throughout of the country but also maintain
Buddhism as dominant religion during his reign.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Conclusion </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Asoka was one of the greatest kings in
Indian history and a pioneer of humanitarian value. By analysing of his great
effort in order to expand Buddhism and other humanitarian activities, he was a
role model of all human. Although he was a cruel or heartless prince in his
young age, his remorseful consciousness could turn into truly a pious life by
witnessing of massacre killing, carnage and suffering of war in which thousands
of innocent people were killed. Buddhism was rapidly flourished all parts of
India during the king Asoka ruling period. He lavished on establishing pagodas,
temples, well and he even built hospitals for both human and animal. By
patronage of King Asoka, the third Buddhist council was held at Pataliputra in
order to remove those who practice which was not Buddhist teaching as well as
to have pure doctrine or Buddhism. And Asoka sent Buddhist missionary to 9
regions which included both India and outside of India. We can see today some
countries have been flourishing Buddhism such as Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and
Thailand. Asoka had been played a major role in the expansion of Buddhism and
he had done many significant contributions for both religion and social welfare
which are still highlighting to all human being as a great example today. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Seneviratana, Anuradha, King Asoka and Buddhism: Historical & Literary
Studies, Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy, Sri Lanka, 1994, P.1</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a> Bapat,
P.V, 2500 Years of Buddhism, Publication Division: Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting Government of India, New Delhi, 1959, P.50</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a> Dhammika.
Ven.S, The Edicts of King Asoka, Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy, Sri
Lanka, 1993, P. 9</div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a> Ross
Reat. Noble, Buddhism: A History, Jain Publishing Company, Fremont, California,
1994, P.63</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Wilhelm Geiger, Ph.D, The Mahavamsa: The Great Chronicle Of Ceylon, Oxford
University Press, 1912, P.31</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a>Bapat,
P.V. 2500 years of Buddhism, Government of India, 1959, P.51</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a> Wilhelm
Geiger, Ph.D, The Mahavamsa: The Great Chronicle Of Ceylon, Oxford University
Press, 1912, P.46</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a> Wilhelm
Geiger, Ph.D, The Mahavamsa: The Great Chronicle Of Ceylon, Oxford University
Press, 1912, P.46</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a>Dhammika,Ven.S,
The Edicts of King Asoka, Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy, Sri Lanka, 1993,
P. 1</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a> Wilhelm
Geiger, Ph.D, The Mahavamsa: The Great Chronicle Of Ceylon, Oxford University
Press, 1912, P.82</div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Photo credit - http://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/ashoka-great-cruel-king-benevolent-buddhist-004259</span> </div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-40373569531242517902016-01-26T18:44:00.000-08:002016-01-26T18:46:33.843-08:00The importace of giving Dana in Buddhist Practice <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwj5e_GSYrE886g1-WiQZCkdfilKJGy2BkVKNAX6D1_NNnSaL8ILAPxMcmhbcM0qqhEp89bpgqTaqSmljdGs4QyJHXo2XVrgWzvYvDMSiIFp6AxFr1gtxviuqCVFby4kpJ6n2abiJJ/s1600/buddhism.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwj5e_GSYrE886g1-WiQZCkdfilKJGy2BkVKNAX6D1_NNnSaL8ILAPxMcmhbcM0qqhEp89bpgqTaqSmljdGs4QyJHXo2XVrgWzvYvDMSiIFp6AxFr1gtxviuqCVFby4kpJ6n2abiJJ/s1600/buddhism.gif" /></a></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dana or giving is one of the most important parts in Buddha’s teaching
and people are practicing this Dana commonly in all Buddhist countries whether
they are understanding of the law of karma or not. And Dana has wider
definition. There are various kinds of things that a person can give such as
material things, food, shelter, clothing, medicine so on. The person can give
not only material things but also can offer the knowledge, skill, and effort
that can benefit others. One can give sympathetic ear to troubled person,
listen to him with compassion and gives comfort to him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People can also donate something from their
physical body such as blood, even kidney. </span></div>
<a name='more'></a>So there are many kinds of things
that one can give to others. Buddhist have a strong belief that whatever they
do will rebound back to them, if we do good things, good result will come to us
and if we do bad things, we will probably face bad consequence. In believing
so, lay Buddhist practice to have generous behavior in all aspects. Basically
practicing generosity is to experience happiness and joyful and also first step
to eliminate Loba, greed, Dosa, hatred, and Moha delusion most importantly that
your generous attitude release you from the pain of selfishness. The more
people have such generous mind, the more they have loving-kindness and compassion
to others. <br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhra7nMyhUW0WV_aAgA2z0jW93_XKFA5X7Ksl4wEcuoZrGIye0fscNeOf5RAe5uFoSCcgXbXR07VaqZ07WG_w_Jz6BJD4YRABnmNTkY73IRnFbBQQCCCs_fAS8NAkI-FGBRGxgcBzwA/s1600/11056552_10153550037279459_687760113702512828_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhra7nMyhUW0WV_aAgA2z0jW93_XKFA5X7Ksl4wEcuoZrGIye0fscNeOf5RAe5uFoSCcgXbXR07VaqZ07WG_w_Jz6BJD4YRABnmNTkY73IRnFbBQQCCCs_fAS8NAkI-FGBRGxgcBzwA/s320/11056552_10153550037279459_687760113702512828_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">What is Dana</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Giving is one of the mean teaching which plays an important
role in any religions that every religion practices with different ways and
different objects. Buddhist view on giving or generosity is an act to reduce
greed, hatred and delusion. These three poisons are an unwholesome mental state
which always disturb or hinders for the spiritual progress in Buddhism. </span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">dāna:Giving, liberality; offering, alms. Specifically,
giving of any of the four requisites to the monastic order. More generally, the
inclination to give, without expecting any form of repayment from the
recipient.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a> </span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Different Buddhist scholars gave different wider connotations on Dana.
As Buddhist monks are not supposed to engage any business action or performing
for living, lay Buddhists support four requisites to the Buddhist monks in
order to practice Dhamma conveniently. By donating those basic necessary four
requisites such as food, robe, medicine and shelter, monks are able to give
more time on his practice meditation and study without worrying of any basic
necessary things. So that supporting of these four items to monks is important
in Buddhism which the Buddha allowed it. The most important is whatever we give
or offer to someone who really in need of it, we should offer without expecting
anything in return. Nowadays people gave something with expecting something in
return, expect reward, reputation and even expecting for the positions. The
donors should have good intention while they donate something to someone</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj12M6LMeur3-EG4TGtlJkfbCf_C5_mRhrk64L2QMLRByZWA1t8lU4tikR0Asp2ku2uTk71Mn9Q4ENJiqd-SoSrGUZ9DEJ3VLC31hy6-FucOLT-aOQWE9xAZJuFUKsGxkBkV3D7u_H/s1600/20151222_020038.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj12M6LMeur3-EG4TGtlJkfbCf_C5_mRhrk64L2QMLRByZWA1t8lU4tikR0Asp2ku2uTk71Mn9Q4ENJiqd-SoSrGUZ9DEJ3VLC31hy6-FucOLT-aOQWE9xAZJuFUKsGxkBkV3D7u_H/s320/20151222_020038.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Giving with goodwill </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In doing meritorious deed, the most important thing is that the donor
should have right intention or volition in order to produce great merit. So
that the donor must have three types of volitions in donor’s heart and mind
which are before offering, during offering and after offering. Dana is exactly
like growing rice field which need a good rain at begging, in the middle and at
the end of raining season in order to produce good rice. So in doing Dana, the
three steps of volitions must be present to produce a great merit to givers.
According to Abhidhamma the three types of volitions are as follow.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Three types of volitional
charities </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pubba cetana (prior volition)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Munca
cetana (prevailing volition)</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Apara
cetana (past-charity volition)<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The first one Pubba cetana mean, the donor should plan and prepare
happily before. For instance, before offering food to the monk, at the
preparatory stage, the donor should arrange such as going to buy necessary
things and cook with happiness and joyful. Right intention or prior volition
have to appear in donor’s mind then prepare it happily, it is called pubba
cetana.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The second one Munca cetana is that during donation event, the donor
should be mindful and happy about what he or she is doing. The most important
thing is that donor should not have the attachment of the properties that he or
she donated, but renounce completely the items and be glad on it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The third one Apara cetana means that after finished donation, the
donors must not be regret but should be happy whenever he or she recalled the
offering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After accomplishment of
meritorious deed, enjoy it, and later whenever recall, happy for the completion
of the deeds. When he recall his good deed and should consider as it is
important quality to be practiced by every Buddhists. So Dana should be done in
appreciation of the great qualities and virtues of the triple gem (Buddha,
Dhamma, Sangha).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">According to Buddha’s teaching, the most important thing in giving is
to offer whatever he or she like without expecting anything in return. If the
giver expect something in return from his or her giving, it is not generosity
or charity but it is performing an act of bartering. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyAMXZbJgaXupV85cEHM9dO_utr2IkAVIlhtLuRWwgSM2xML4c8m3yuqjbcAI687A7pDrVkEEBAJxRqWvO-2uoAZHlXI7iEMgv593GHEA-AqfW7KfUFRAPtxsqRbNaBbUpyGKYTxOE/s1600/FB_IMG_1450982605274.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyAMXZbJgaXupV85cEHM9dO_utr2IkAVIlhtLuRWwgSM2xML4c8m3yuqjbcAI687A7pDrVkEEBAJxRqWvO-2uoAZHlXI7iEMgv593GHEA-AqfW7KfUFRAPtxsqRbNaBbUpyGKYTxOE/s320/FB_IMG_1450982605274.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Danaparami</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In the khuddaka nikaya, the Buddhavamsa lists ten perfections
(damaparami) in Theravada tradition and six perfections in Mahayana tradition.
The first one out of ten is Danaparami which is an important one among ten
perfections. Bodhisattva Sumedha practiced this dana life after life till he
attain fully enlighten one. The Buddha when he wanted to cultivate, develop all
great qualities, virtues, moral, precepts, started with this dana. So the
Buddha practices this dana in three ways. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1 dana parami</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2 dana upaparami</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3 dana paramita parami</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The first one dana parami means that whatever one offer such as food,
clothing, shelter, medicine, land, money, and material things are called dana
parami that Bodhisattva practice life after life. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The second one is higher than the first one and it is not easy to
donate for everyone. dana upaparami which means that one can offer something
from his or her physical body. The Buddha as Bodhisattava life offer his eyes,
blood, heart or any organs from his body in order to restore of other patients
or to support who are suffering. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The third one is the highest one it is called dana
paramata parami. The meaning is higher sense and it is not easy to donate for
everyone. The person scarified</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">the life to protect or to save for the well
beings of others. But the Budhisattva practice this dana in order to save
other’s live. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In the Dighajanu sutta of the Anguttara Nikaya, exposed a good
friendship which involved fours ways in order to have a good friendship.</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Full of faith (saddha)<u><span style="color: blue;"> </span></u>full of
virtue (sila), full of charity (caga), full of wisdom (pañña). He acts in
accordance with the faith of the faithful, with the virtue of the virtuous,
with the charity of the charitable, with the wisdom of the wise. This is called
good friendship.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In fact, giving is one of the four ways which gives a good friendship
and happiness. The one whatsoever rich or poor, educated or uneducated, high
class or low class associate with these four ways Saddha, Sila, Caga, and panna
can be called good friendship that maintained last long friendship between both
of them. And in Mangala sutta, there are 38 highest blessings in which the
fifteen one is about practice generosity and it is said that giving is a source
of happiness for both giver and receiver, so be generous in living that is the
highest blessing.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtmpgOlOOhbO_0TQv8rtAOPk3lzmbq-OXlkYqc8HuwWeaRQ6EJBqw042x_ChsNMqHXEebcgXGjW1EGXHR57vZTMisKa-yywKBJqD9-9NZ-0PBH1xbrZ_FmiqR5sO2lIdMnqDjz-ILy/s1600/12366236_918174774937546_6920914268215727112_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtmpgOlOOhbO_0TQv8rtAOPk3lzmbq-OXlkYqc8HuwWeaRQ6EJBqw042x_ChsNMqHXEebcgXGjW1EGXHR57vZTMisKa-yywKBJqD9-9NZ-0PBH1xbrZ_FmiqR5sO2lIdMnqDjz-ILy/s320/12366236_918174774937546_6920914268215727112_n.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nyanaponika Thera translated
Brahma vihara as the four sublime states mind which we can found at Brahama
vihara sutta of Anguttaranikaya.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Four
sublime states of mind have been taught by the Buddha:</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Love
or Loving-kindness (metta)</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Compassion
(karuna)</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sympathetic
Joy (mudita)</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Equanimity
(upekkha)<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">These four attitude describe the higher standard of human life and
each have loving kindness, compassion, sympathy and equanimity then which leads
to peaceful society. We should need to have these minds in order to build
harmonious and peaceful society. There is no anger, greed, jealousy, wrath but
loving kindness, compassion and sympathy.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">One can develop these four sublime states of mind through generosity.
By giving or offering with faith to those who are in need of it, one can
develop their mind. Because generosity is the way to eliminate defilement of
greed, hatred and delusion but promote loving kindness, compassion and empathy.
So that basically people should have generous mind in order to develop loving
kindness and compassion. One can get the experience of great feeling or true
happiness by practical way rather than being theory.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Buddhist scholar Bhikkhu Bodhi wrote in his book regarding to Dana or
giving </span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Like all good deeds, an act of giving will bring us happiness in the
future, in the accordance with the kammic law of cause and effect taught by the
Buddha. Giving yields benefits in the present life and in live to come whether
or not we are aware of this fact, but when volition is accompanied by
understanding, we can greatly increase the merits earned by out gifts.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The result of giving may come in the present life or next life but the
fact is that when giving is accomplished by right intention or cetana volition,
the giver will experience the joyful feeling, loving kindness, compassion and
sympathy and also which will increase till liberation of suffering life. And
giving to anyone who are in need is beneficial whether the receivers moral or
immoral. The donor will earn great merits. Even little giving will earn much
merit if the donor donate with goodwill. And such generosity brings one step
nearer to achieving of ten-perfection or paramita. If the one gives much of
worth material things with the impure mind, then the donor will gain less
merits because the giving has done with expecting something return and some
reputation. </span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The Buddha said that there are two kinds of people that are difficult
to find in this world, namely a bhikkhu among the mendicants (pravrajita) who
is definitely liberated (asamayavimukta), and a man among laity
(grhasthavadatavasana) who know how to practice pure dana.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">That is the fact that there are plenty of stones or rocks in the
mountain but precious stones like jades, ruby and emerald are very difficult to
find which exist in few places in the world. As the same way, there are many hundred
thousands of Buddhist monks who practice and teach the Dhamma in around the
world but we cannot find easily who attained Arhatship or higher state of mind.
Therefore the monk who fully liberated from Samsara are rare in this would.
Liberated monks are very difficult to find. Likewise there are 7 billions of
populations in this world, but few numbers of populations are generous, and
give others without expecting anything return. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5xMkbpAOS6zpv6pm2f6dy1IYf2wUuCmz7WR-ml6_Ac4wYFTtgbaSmS49iLJQW8tZ9umLNUe2bNoCpjl_-R0Hwi2B-Z-1z6WG57s0DcdgOMybvMM2rcD2g0S5ts65UFPBVW_dHF3Et/s1600/FB_IMG_1451165637859.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5xMkbpAOS6zpv6pm2f6dy1IYf2wUuCmz7WR-ml6_Ac4wYFTtgbaSmS49iLJQW8tZ9umLNUe2bNoCpjl_-R0Hwi2B-Z-1z6WG57s0DcdgOMybvMM2rcD2g0S5ts65UFPBVW_dHF3Et/s320/FB_IMG_1451165637859.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">On another
occasion, the Buddha spoke of five ways of giving badly, and five ways of
giving well. The five ways of giving badly are, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> 1. A person gives without
deference and respect, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> 2. Gives without thinking, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> 3. Gives not with his own
hands, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> 4. Gives leftovers from a
meal, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> 5. Gives holding no views as
to the future </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> The
five ways of giving well are, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> 1. A person gives in faith, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> 2. with deference and respect,
</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> 3. in time, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> 4. with unconstrained heart, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> 5. without hurt to self or
others.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a> </span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Give in faith is important to be great quality of merits; otherwise
the givers will gain less merits. When giving something to someone, a person
should not give as an act of his body alone but with his heart and mind as
well. Give in proper way and appropriately is important in Buddhism. These five
ways of proper giving and five ways of inappropriate that the givers should be
understand before they give to someone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Basically Buddhist believes that if we give more in the present life
with good attention, the result is that we will get happy rebirth with good
condition in the next life either human realm or deity realm. In order to be a
good condition in the next life, only one way that can help which is to give
others with goodwill in the present life. Help poor people, build generous
behavior to support for those who are practicing Dhamma or who are trying to
promote Buddhism, because we cannot take the properties that belong to us into
next life. No matter how much we rich and how many properties we have, but we
cannot bring those all belongings into the next life, but we can take our
merits or meritorious deed to the next life which will bring good condition and
good life. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For a person giving, merit
increases. For one self-restraining, no animosity is amassed. One who is
skillful leaves evil behind and from the ending of passion, aversion, delusion
is totally unbound.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Starting from practicing
giving, one can grow merits. Trying not to produce hostility can build up the
harmonious society. And the one who eliminate the defilement of greed, hatred
and delusion, one can attain Nibbana. The Buddha instructed his disciples to
give up negative thought and unwholesome acts but to cultivate and develop
positive attitude or wholesome acts.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In Samyutta nikaya, a god asked the Buddha concerning with giving then
the Buddha explained clearly about the true value of various kinds of gifts.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">A
deva asked</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">A
giver of what is a giver of strength?</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">A
giver of what is a giver of beauty?</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">A
giver of what is a giver of ease?</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">A
giver of what is a giver of vision?</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">And
who is a giver of everything?</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Being
asked, please explain this to me.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The
Buddha replied </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">A
giver of food is a giver of strength.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">A
giver of cloths, a giver of beauty.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">A
giver of a vehicle, a giver of ease.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">A
giver of a lamp, a giver of vision.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">And
the one who gives a residence, is the one who is a giver of everything.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">But
the one who teaches the Dhamma is a giver of the deathless.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">We can understand that if we offer food to someone, we will
gain the strength as the receiver gets the strength after eating the food.
Nowadays, people measure the beauty with clothes. They think and create
different designs in order to show the beauty. So if we donate the clothes to
someone needy, we will get the result of beauty from the donation of clothes.
The lamp can change from darkness into bright. If we give the lamp to someone
who is really needy, same result rebound us as good vision. In the same way,
Dhamma guide us what is wrong and what is right. And the dhamma shows the path
to liberation. So if we teach or offer the Buddha’s Dhamma to someone, this is
the greatest gift that shows the right path leading to the liberation from
suffering. Dhamma is greatest gift of all of human being. Dhamma gift has a
great power to change life. When a person received Dhamma with pure mind, he
cannot fail to change. He will experience greater happiness, joy and peace in
his heart and mind. These are the reasons why the paragraph said the one who
give Dhamma is the giver of deathless. In this context, the gift of Dhamma is
the greatest gift of all and which is condition to attain higher state of mind
or to attain Nibbana. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Conclusion</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>We are on the journey
of Samsara, we born, aging and death. But the goal of Buddha’s teaching is to
free from suffering of the wheel of rebirth. Dana is a basic way which can
train the mind and heart gradually to less suffering to attain higher state of mind.
According to Buddha’s teaching, our actions or Karma will determine the realm
where we will born in the next life. If we have great merit that will take us
to higher realm, but our bad action will take us to low realm. Karmma will
produce it appropriate result. Avoiding the bad but practicing the good is the
heart of Buddhism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As dana is one of the
three headings in Buddha’s teaching (Dana, Sila, and Bhavana), we can eradicate
the defilement which is barrier on the way to Nibbana.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is exactly the same as we cannot pick up
the diamond in front of us if we do not have the hands; likewise we cannot get
great merits or good result if we give something without in faith or volition.
This is why, giving in faith and with heart is important to gain great merits.
It does not matter how small amount we give but it is matter to give with heart
full of faith. According to the Buddha’s teaching of Karmic law of cause and
effect, we reduce our attachment to the something and it makes gradually weaken
craving and giving will lead to happy future births and also giving have done
with wholesome volition will help us to develop morality Sila, concentration
Samadhi, and wisdom Panna.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
A Glossary of Pali and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Buddhist Terms, Accessed
December 17, 2013 http://www.accesstoinsight.org/glossary.html</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Janakabhivamsa, Ashin, <i>Abhidhamma in Daily Life: The Principle of
Physical<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and Mental Process,</i> (International
Theravada Missionary University, Yangon 1999), 48.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Narada There, Dighajanu (Vyagghapajja) sutta:Condition of Welfare. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Accessed November 30, 2013 http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an08/an08.054.nara.html</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Nyanaponika, Thera, The Four Sublime States: Contemplations on Love,
Compassion, Sympathetic Joy and Equanimity. Nov 30, 2013 http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/nyanaponika/wheel006.html</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Bhikkhu Bodhi, <i>Dana: The Practice of Giving</i>, (Kandy: Buddhist Publication
Society, 1990), 2.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Tadeusz, Skorupski, <i>The Six Perfections</i>, ( Tring UK:The Institute of
Buddhist Studies, 2002, </div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
U Hla Maung, <i>Great Gifts and Giving Well: The Buddha’s Teachings for Peace
on Earth</i>, (Yangon:Panditarama Yeiktha, 1999),4.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Thanissaro Bhikkhu, <i>Udana: Exclamations,</i> 2012, 117</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Thanissaro Bhkikhu, SN1.42: Kindada Sutta: A Giver of What, Accessed June 14,
2010<span class="Hyperlink1"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn01/sn01.042.than.html</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-7376749221281356402016-01-05T22:38:00.000-08:002016-01-05T22:38:09.575-08:00Buddhist Concept on Anger in Buddhism<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhabP8pj4leFEqOc6KgA_25dlskJ45q1LBe1ROXn1o6HAVDyn5Ch-JMH357ywcYIryQdJcjtYWGrFyyp-CTbn0DJU6PTbgdMa4RgHORaVsMvKgencKAPUWnF5XTQ8Mb1_iXcAs6_god/s1600/FB_IMG_1450739441028.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhabP8pj4leFEqOc6KgA_25dlskJ45q1LBe1ROXn1o6HAVDyn5Ch-JMH357ywcYIryQdJcjtYWGrFyyp-CTbn0DJU6PTbgdMa4RgHORaVsMvKgencKAPUWnF5XTQ8Mb1_iXcAs6_god/s320/FB_IMG_1450739441028.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">Introduction</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are
three poisons in Buddha’s teaching and Dosa or Anger is one of the dangerous
poisons out of three which leads to evil and suffering. Dosa also let everyone
to be trapped in the wheel of life again and again. As everybody understands
the behavior of anger, and what anger looks like. At first we have to observe
our own experience of anger ourselves then we can understand more clearly what anger
is looks like. When we are angry, our minds, thoughts, and behaviors immediately
changed into violent mind or impure mind then leads to violent action.<a name='more'></a> </span><br />
<br />
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">What
is Anger?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The Buddhist word
Dosa, usually translated as anger, might more accurately be translated as
“hostility” provided we recognize that hostility can be present in emotions
ranging from minor aversion to full-blown rage.</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">[1]</span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anger destroys the one who is angry and it
burns both physicality and mentality. It naturally leads to violent action if
he or she is not control the anger.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAIFtz7X4L7mpBcDugFq_v8bnujYkC5kJ_o_EEcrGF5A2SAsphz89gKf8czyhh5-4lbAp8A-X7BVWrq3VHFsGu-uKA0NRO6k_bbuZDn6DpJhPgaB-M12R1deI18Uf4fwGRC52srQaq/s1600/FB_IMG_1451188278459.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAIFtz7X4L7mpBcDugFq_v8bnujYkC5kJ_o_EEcrGF5A2SAsphz89gKf8czyhh5-4lbAp8A-X7BVWrq3VHFsGu-uKA0NRO6k_bbuZDn6DpJhPgaB-M12R1deI18Uf4fwGRC52srQaq/s320/FB_IMG_1451188278459.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anger appears in our mind almost every day
when we feel unpleasant things, and the anger keeps in all of us because we are
being ordinary people. We sometime get angry with different reason and when
anger is appear in our mind, we are like crazy, we forget everything without
control our mind. This is why anger is a very common character that we express
very easily when we get angry. So </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">in
briefly the anger indicates many emotions that we could see from others and
even by ourselves. The negative thinking, sorrow, grief, fear, depression,
anger, grudge, frightening others with abusive usages, attacking, planning to
kill other people all of these are dosa</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">We irrigate easily as being ordinary people
with different reasons if we are not control our mind. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxgyTCMH15RdePNPQeQdAqIv55TkAy0ht7gYkcOz1n-89i2KgrBwZ6MFjUDvRing_44TRFhAv_WGa3e-3Almg8lojBHdzRsOYrr6bh10F90btqrtGx6Rppogfs3bQsnWyKN4z84Ce_/s1600/12366236_918174774937546_6920914268215727112_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxgyTCMH15RdePNPQeQdAqIv55TkAy0ht7gYkcOz1n-89i2KgrBwZ6MFjUDvRing_44TRFhAv_WGa3e-3Almg8lojBHdzRsOYrr6bh10F90btqrtGx6Rppogfs3bQsnWyKN4z84Ce_/s320/12366236_918174774937546_6920914268215727112_n.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Anger
in Abhidhamma</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">There
are only two types of cittas rooted in Dosa. </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">1
Domanassa sahagatam patigha sampayuttam asankharikam ekam</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">2
Domanassa sahagatam<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>patigha sampayuttam
sasankharikam ekam</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Whenever
we feel angry or displeased or sad or depressed Dosa mula citta will arise. And
whenever it arises, it is accompanied by ill will and mentally painful feeling.
If it arises slowly after much prompting from oneself or others, it is
Sasankharika<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[2]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
three poisons in Buddhism are obstacle to attain Nirvana. The three poisons are
Lobha, Dosa and Moha, or greed, anger and delusion. The person, who practices
to attain the higher state of mind, must be eliminating defilement of Lobha,
Dosa, and Moha.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is the nature of
our mind that if we see, meets unpleasant things, the dosa mula citta will
probably arise that makes us angry and its harm ourselves; get painful feeling,
finally its affect physically and mentally. Mind and matter are connected each
other, if we feel unpleasant and awful, our physical body and mentality change
constantly. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 382.75pt 411.1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">When
one comes across material losses, death of loved ones, downfalls or failures,
there will arises intense anger. It means extreme wrath. Ordinary anger leads
to violence or even killing, while it gives you superlative anxiety and ire.
The flame of anxiety and fury in the heart boil the blood circulating in the
body. Therefore, a person with intense anger will get lapses or fits, or even
lose consciousness<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[3]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -2.3pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This above
paragraph gives us a good explanation and it let us to know the characteristic
of Dosa. We can aware of the characteristic of anger and what is the anger
looks like? Anger appears in one’s mind rapidly anytime if the unsatisfactory
things occur. If our anger is arsing by some unpleasant case, then our intense
anger attack our physical body and mind. So we are severe affected by our
intense anger. And after that we are just like blind person, or unconsciousness
person, we could not distinguish what is wrong and what is right. Finally our
intense anger let us to do completely wrong action and wrong things. The anger
can be destructive our health that has a strong, powerful emotion. If we could
not control our anger it may cause increasing anxiety, and also headache.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRdgEFxyOhJ9eEH4eI6fpX8zZJbMa2JfsXxBkg6Ph9DJ1AugpSQqNUBWVpTqsW2MW7jrtaH2lgD4zNy1N6Uvcbqmp_sZSQNhJ3mYxUmtUJUkzGj5HaZRfWMoucjmmP42nZMOYo4kFu/s1600/1557440_918174838270873_4407959923749145216_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRdgEFxyOhJ9eEH4eI6fpX8zZJbMa2JfsXxBkg6Ph9DJ1AugpSQqNUBWVpTqsW2MW7jrtaH2lgD4zNy1N6Uvcbqmp_sZSQNhJ3mYxUmtUJUkzGj5HaZRfWMoucjmmP42nZMOYo4kFu/s320/1557440_918174838270873_4407959923749145216_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -2.3pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -2.3pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">His Holiness Dalai Lama wrote in his book about the
real enemy of human beings which is called Anger.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 32.55pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">1. Anger is the real destroyer of our good
human qualities; an enemy with a weapon cannot destroy these qualities, but
anger can. Anger is our real enemy.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 32.55pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">2. If we live our lives continually motivated
by anger and hatred, even our physical health deteriorates.</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[4]</span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
is notable and valuable point that </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">His Holiness Dalai Lama
expressed in his book and it inspire people to know what the character of anger
is and also what bad consequence approach to all of us after blasting of Anger.
It is true that chemical weapon cannot destroy our human abilities, qualities
but the anger can destruct the quality of human life and everything concerning physical
and mental. This is why we have to consider and recognize the anger as the real
enemy of our life. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrjOijBqW7HMsoAkOUZmq8o4mG68G0qZTPZkqnVz0Wut2nQNagGhGHLczGGtVN3DMWXCP6t7eB1O3Yr67bZZUz0W0JJyr8mjQ4mIGaWtutMvTy7FwSaj7NTMwYOVF_nQpmSOmRKIP0/s1600/10256108_455140024677618_4592113748876816587_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrjOijBqW7HMsoAkOUZmq8o4mG68G0qZTPZkqnVz0Wut2nQNagGhGHLczGGtVN3DMWXCP6t7eB1O3Yr67bZZUz0W0JJyr8mjQ4mIGaWtutMvTy7FwSaj7NTMwYOVF_nQpmSOmRKIP0/s320/10256108_455140024677618_4592113748876816587_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The
Buddha said, ‘he abused me, he beat me, he defeated me, he robbed me. In him
who harbours such thoughts hatred will not cease’.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[5]</span></sup></b></span></sup></a></span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -2.3pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is the
fact that hatred cannot be solved by hatred but loving-kindness and anger
cannot be overcome by anger but compassion. In the same way we should need to
develop our compassion and loving-kindness in order to solve such problems. We
must train ourselves to analysis the moody mind when anger thought is appear in
our mind.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 110.25pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Anger is sometime very weird emotion that we
noticed. Some people get angry and it is not easily disappear or control that
tough anger like carved on the rock but some people get angry is just few
minutes then the angry thought passed away like writing in sand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The thing is that when we are angry, we
should aware of our own anger, examine our anger ourselves carefully, and then
our anger gradually reduce into normal situation. </span></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji94HYs9EilAtt-UMI3ueOFtLpZs32y3i4eN18E_z76GBWwtYADKnmCN5oFr60HlcM4Saqq6Du3qZ8BhIqBmmfn-dFcWKrWnZeNFXeWWdg4gVr2eDlsojAuzK_b7C_hTrbsdM8uf0y/s1600/FB_IMG_1450982605274.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji94HYs9EilAtt-UMI3ueOFtLpZs32y3i4eN18E_z76GBWwtYADKnmCN5oFr60HlcM4Saqq6Du3qZ8BhIqBmmfn-dFcWKrWnZeNFXeWWdg4gVr2eDlsojAuzK_b7C_hTrbsdM8uf0y/s320/FB_IMG_1450982605274.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 110.25pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Conclusion <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 110.25pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People
understand well the characteristic of anger or Dosa, we have to find the way to
eradicate our anger then eliminate these loatheness anger from our mind. In my
view, we can take over and eliminate the three poisons Lobha, Dosa, and Moha by
taking regular meditation. Meditation is the best way to eradicate all poi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">sons</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> and develop loving-kindness. An angry person has
full of delusion, he cannot even thinks of right or wrong. Some degree of anger
will be with us for all of our lives and it is actually negative feeling stages
that typically associate with hostile thinking. There are many causes that can
make us angry. Many causes of angry come from different conditions as
frustration, failure of business, competition, and so on. So everyone should
know the way to reduce of high degree of angry with right way or positive way.
I would like to point out that the good way of reduction of angry is taking
meditation regularly every day with deep concentration. It is a way out of our
characteristic of anger. </span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Gill Fronsdal, <i>The
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> Mein Tin Mon, Dr, <i>The Essence of Buddha
Abhidhamma</i>, Mya Mon Yadana Publication, Yangon, 1995, P 26-27</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
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<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Janakabhivamsa,
Ashin, <i>Abhidhamma in Daily Life</i>, Religious Affairs Department, Yangon
Myanmar, 1977, P 32</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Dalai Lama,
<i>Healing Anger: The Power Of Practice From A Buddhist Perspective</i>, Snow
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Sri, <i>How To Live Without Fear And Worry</i>, Buddhist Missionary Society,
Kaula Lumpur, Malaysia, 1989, P. 67</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
</div>
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</div>
ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-22970785202363292172015-12-17T00:07:00.001-08:002015-12-17T00:07:35.844-08:00Buddhist Attitude towards Environment <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeJM-4xLbDiuDrfmcyT_FouMolpK3auIur6XFqzQbX5OspaCxlDnbwYrNkNwYDlakY0Bi8SJzoxNyBV7lFy8pG8_-v3Z36QfeJCDNyoWYFS7nhqYaygkiwPnuGfYpuWlTGlDpqrJpO/s1600/20150721_233717.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeJM-4xLbDiuDrfmcyT_FouMolpK3auIur6XFqzQbX5OspaCxlDnbwYrNkNwYDlakY0Bi8SJzoxNyBV7lFy8pG8_-v3Z36QfeJCDNyoWYFS7nhqYaygkiwPnuGfYpuWlTGlDpqrJpO/s320/20150721_233717.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Environmental crisis is a global problem that we are now
experiencing in modern age. We should consider with different aspects on
environmental crisis and we should find the way to protect the environment. Environment
is the most important issue since the Buddha time and the Buddha encouraged to
the people not to destroy the nature but maintain as it is. The Buddha gave
advice to his followers the benefits of maintaining environment and follow as
the natural way. The Buddha even laid down a rule for monks in vinaya
concerning protecting of environment.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> As the environment is essential for all biotic or
non-biotic, everyone individually has responsibility to aware of the value of
environment and should follow the Buddha’s guidance to protect the environment.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Buddhist View on Environment</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHMVnXG67crEwyFajuKvU-rMiFod0Xt-vNB_ZkbuhLr-wgnmt8RKu97F4IbsksYbodFjhKfGireHPJaSDmbMGtkYbK50kGsm6V_frSSz0NheiOhyDWBMSm9ehRvCz78ZXa8l8IovSY/s1600/20150721_232508.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHMVnXG67crEwyFajuKvU-rMiFod0Xt-vNB_ZkbuhLr-wgnmt8RKu97F4IbsksYbodFjhKfGireHPJaSDmbMGtkYbK50kGsm6V_frSSz0NheiOhyDWBMSm9ehRvCz78ZXa8l8IovSY/s320/20150721_232508.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Basically, the
environment could be divided the two types as the natural environment and
social environment. For the social environment, human relation is one of the
most important in life. We can examine ourselves that how many friends do we
have. Furthermore, look and judge ourselves again that how many good friends
and bad friends do we have among them? So that we have to find a good
environment in order to associate with good people. If we do not have good friends
in our life, we might have trouble or difficulties to get success. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 25.1pt; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-indent: 3.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Patirupadesavasa-
living in suitable region, living in a good or favorable environment.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Sappurisuppassaya-
association with good people, relying on a good person.</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[1]</span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">For the natural environment, the Buddha
point out that people should live in appropriate society and a good
environment. The best example is that the Buddha mostly spent his life in the
forests. The Buddha was born in the forest; the Buddha forsakes his luxury
lifestyle and left to the forest to seek the lasting happiness, the Buddha
attained the enlightenment while meditating under the Bodhi tree. And the
Buddha taught his followers to respect the environment and also taught to
realize the value of nature and live in harmony with nature.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Kalupahana notes that
the Buddha “pointed out that ‘living in an appropriate surrounding’ (Patirupadesavasa)
was a factor that contributed to the moral and spiritual advancement of the
individual.”</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">[2]</span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The Buddha told us to gratitude the
environment, we should build a good environment with good attitude toward peace
society by understanding of the value of environment. Living in a good
environment will improve our good attitude and Dhamma in our mind. So when we
have good attitude, we will bring benefits to the environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">For the social environment, one of the
most important key to be successful in life is to have good friends and to
associate with good people. If we have a good environment and meet with good
people, we are basically living in peaceful and harmonious way with each other.
And we have to be good persons first to make true friends. Normally people
examine the others fault and weakness but they cannot see their own gaffes,
shortcomings, and mistakes. They can see and gossip the greed or Lobha of
others but they cannot judge their own stinginess. Therefore, to be able to
associate with people, we have to look ourselves and examine ourselves first
before you criticize others.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Environmental Aspects on Five Precepts </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzi1ImrXFb6nWzSacSF8BXGEgCCjv-o9mmWEJ_7cX7k3FxC_dgtmP8cDG_WvCaDByA3SoNOKPKRS4eCrlc-4_RkSq0QsW1iCh1pICefoca6T1v1qQ-tOE6XQsfYeW6x4HTPp3d_q0n/s1600/12027529_405211943007050_7989725135820139316_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzi1ImrXFb6nWzSacSF8BXGEgCCjv-o9mmWEJ_7cX7k3FxC_dgtmP8cDG_WvCaDByA3SoNOKPKRS4eCrlc-4_RkSq0QsW1iCh1pICefoca6T1v1qQ-tOE6XQsfYeW6x4HTPp3d_q0n/s320/12027529_405211943007050_7989725135820139316_n.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dalai Lama
mentioned about all living beings seek peace and protect from any dangers
themselves whether they are human or animal. By understanding of this passage,
every life is valuable and precious, so should not destroy any life. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Whether
they belong to more evolved species like humans or to simpler ones such as
animals, all beings primarily seek peace, comfort, and security. Life is as
dear to the mute animal as it is to any human being; even the simplest insect
strives for protection from dangers that threaten its life. Just as each one of
us wants to live and does not wish to die, so it is with all other creatures in
the universe, though their power to effect this is a different matter.</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[3]</span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">In the first precept, abstain from killing any living beings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We should understand how the life is precious
or valuable. It is just not only referring to destroy living creature but it
also refer indirectly destroying natural environment because many kinds of
animals inhabit in the forest. If people destroy the forest, It is exactly the
same people destroy the animal’s home or killing animals. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The second precept
indicates about taking others properties what is not given and from
environmental aspect, nobody really owns the tree but earth. The tree grows
itself naturally, but tree offers peaceful shade, and fruits for people. But if
people misbehave on the trees such as break of the branches. Any kind of acts
which is harming to tree is an act of breaking the law of precept. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The third precept describes about sexual misconduct. By
looking from environmental aspect, the forests are being raped by unwise people
in all over the world. Many tropical forests are suffering with greed, hatred
and delusion people. People need to understand the third precept and the value
of environment. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The
four precept is about not to lie but tell the truth. From environmental aspect,
human uncontrolled action lead to climate change which could lead great impact
on next generation. In this case, practical action is more important rather
than words or lip service. Many leaders told about environment but not into
action which is false speech. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">And
the fifth precept is to avoid any drugs. The use of drug consequence is impact
on not only physical and mental of users but also destroy upon tropical
ecosystems. In some countries, such as Laos or Burma, forests are destroyed by
fire in order to cultivate for poppy plantation. The mountain became bald
mountain, the forest become empty land, and then the climate changed
significantly. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 382.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Much of Dhamma understanding and wisdom involves thinking
like a mountain or nature from an ecocentric rather than an anthropocentric
viewpoint.</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[4]</span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The
Buddha even laid down some rules in Vinaya Pitaka for monk disciples to take
care of tree and love nature as fully understanding of the value of
environment. The Buddha laid down Bhutagama Sakkhapada the rule in Pacittiya
with reasonable cause that there was a monk in Buddha time cut down the branch
of a tree but there was many spirits residing at that tree and one of the
spirit’s son was cut off his arm by monk, so the spirit came to the Buddha and
complained the Buddha that a monk had cut off his child’s arm. So from that
day, the Buddha laid down the rule for monks not to cut down trees or branch of
tree. And monks are not even allowed to dig ground.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZUMCtpz-0MsDwrDQX4hFbAycg6JPwSquJAmC6mtN5VoSuoVKkWk1V2W-xXoqP20Ou9Trs91qAZvLs4SUyFbyluvFH7oUU_F9RTMlOW_DZQvDoYxEEUWQjebv7lkMV8qRrYS_0Pjeo/s1600/12115485_10200954136373801_4727886155900770054_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZUMCtpz-0MsDwrDQX4hFbAycg6JPwSquJAmC6mtN5VoSuoVKkWk1V2W-xXoqP20Ou9Trs91qAZvLs4SUyFbyluvFH7oUU_F9RTMlOW_DZQvDoYxEEUWQjebv7lkMV8qRrYS_0Pjeo/s320/12115485_10200954136373801_4727886155900770054_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The
Buddha enacted the monastic rules for not cutting trees, not digging the
ground, not releasing the waste into the river in reasonably and also the
Buddha suggested monks not to travel during raining seasons that time farmers
grow the rice and encouraged to live in the forests or one particular place.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">In
Bhikkhupatimokkha, Bhutagama vagga the Buddha laid down the rule as follow.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Bhutagamasikkhapadam.
Bhutagamapatavyataya Pacittiyam. </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-width: 105%;">In<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>causing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>damage<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>plant<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>beings<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>there_<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>is</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-width: 101%;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-width: 105%;">an<span style="letter-spacing: -1.35pt;"> </span>offence<span style="letter-spacing: -1.3pt;"> </span>entailing<span style="letter-spacing: -1.45pt;"> </span>expiation.</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[5]</span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">So
we can consider that how the Buddha takes a good care of environment and how he
appreciates it. The Buddha encouraged acting with compassion and respect for
the trees. He provides the teachings for us to be grateful and to conserve
nature. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Buddhadasa
Bhikkhu said </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 32.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The
entire cosmos is a cooperative. The sun, the moon, and the stars live together
as a cooperative. The same is true for humans and animals, trees, and the
Earth. When we realize that the world is a mutual, interdependent, cooperative
enterprise - then we can build a noble environment. If our lives are not based
on this truth, then we shall perish.</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[6]</span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 26.05pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Everything
dependents on each other whether it is biotic or non-biotic. Human cannot
survive without a good environment, in the same way environments could not be
retain if human destroy without proper take care of environment or lack of
knowledge on the value of environment. So people should have proper knowledge
and awareness on consequence of good or bad environment. By development of
personal development, people can live in peace and build harmonious society
without any conflict or riots.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkd-BIg3J_i48D9pMnDWE8HdSzotJE-oQXvC1B_E_zRWthFIH_qfGND2EglW_uVCPGvPpKrPPJKfgH8HOyYEKBFuazNYCRcFVSDsY8TM9OBnJS8mam9i_R_204MrwIDEmN6FdqK8j_/s1600/12032027_10200954136613807_9220493989256138679_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkd-BIg3J_i48D9pMnDWE8HdSzotJE-oQXvC1B_E_zRWthFIH_qfGND2EglW_uVCPGvPpKrPPJKfgH8HOyYEKBFuazNYCRcFVSDsY8TM9OBnJS8mam9i_R_204MrwIDEmN6FdqK8j_/s320/12032027_10200954136613807_9220493989256138679_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 26.05pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Conclusion
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many of problems that we are facing today
are based on uncontrolled situation. We cannot control our Lobha, Dosa, and Moha,
(greed, hatred and delusion) then our misbehavior leads to negative impact on
the environment. In order to protect the environment, we must change our
mindset and misbehavior first with greedy to generosity, hatred to loving
kindness, and ignorance to wisdom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
forest became less because of human’s greed. We can assume that the future of
the natural environment depends on the morals of any society. We should try to
develop our bad action to right action and wrong thought to right thought.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By developing individually, observing five
precepts, we can live peacefully with nature and live without breaking any
moral rule in order to build peaceful society and environment.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju_qM4v7YcCipCpNszGF3dgP_dGe41hjfoAdTSSVSm_GIqiU2eI4gtJpvooxTnsFINedBt0C4ekJAPG7rvlogX-eJh2LQjei2P64fo6Zyx2gdhUUFBrhDSyHx4Vcxwl5_z1l4s8rrt/s1600/image-1f8a56e4cf70db7e4d06e8939faaffae1c1916f00b6694024562f1c2e9fd252a-V.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju_qM4v7YcCipCpNszGF3dgP_dGe41hjfoAdTSSVSm_GIqiU2eI4gtJpvooxTnsFINedBt0C4ekJAPG7rvlogX-eJh2LQjei2P64fo6Zyx2gdhUUFBrhDSyHx4Vcxwl5_z1l4s8rrt/s320/image-1f8a56e4cf70db7e4d06e8939faaffae1c1916f00b6694024562f1c2e9fd252a-V.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dharmakosajarn Phra, <i>Dhamma
and Environmental Preservation,</i> Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University,
Ayutthaya, Thailand, 2011, P.4</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Kalupahana. David J, <i>Causality: The Central Philosophy of Buddhism</i>,
University of Hawaii Press, 1986, P.135</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dalai Lama, <i>A Human
Approach to World Peace</i>, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">http://www.dalailama.com/messages/world-peace/a-human-approach-to-peace</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cordia New"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Henning Danie H, <i>Buddhism
and Deep Ecology</i>, Montana Xlibris Corporation, 2001, P.93</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> K.R. Norman, <i>The Patimokkha</i>,
Pali Text Society, Oxford, 2001, P.196 </span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> William M. Johuston, <i>Encyclopedia
of Monasticism</i>, Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, London, 2000, P.191</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-83109522553792628762015-04-01T03:20:00.002-07:002015-04-01T03:20:50.216-07:00Welcome to Rakhine State Myanmar<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> If you visit Myanmar, a stop in Rakhine State is a must do!</span><br /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvCZ2g6_uUWJ88LklYQk-o6DKxSDdDi1KmJR05TznJUvTkUoeAaLI2KbLZmHIZbK7Gy929LAHqWK4b4KTXMDhAvtK4ibSAce1qBAU3-g6qu5TJOrZJ8ivzmDW1SoiXpq1r-TP1Qgij/s1600/img_0121.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvCZ2g6_uUWJ88LklYQk-o6DKxSDdDi1KmJR05TznJUvTkUoeAaLI2KbLZmHIZbK7Gy929LAHqWK4b4KTXMDhAvtK4ibSAce1qBAU3-g6qu5TJOrZJ8ivzmDW1SoiXpq1r-TP1Qgij/s1600/img_0121.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Htukkhnthein Temple</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">My homeland, Rakhine
State western part of Myanmar, has adorned with so many amazing things, and
attractive places for local and tourists. Rakhinne State is one of the most
fascinating state in Myanmar with variety of landscape, plateau, high mountain
range, ancient city, historical monuments, beautiful waterfall, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>white sandy beaches with crystal clear water,
green rain forests, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and unique beautiful
of local life. All of those best tourist attractions and other beautiful
locations are existed all over the state and which are truly attractive
paradise for both local and tourists.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rakhine Roma Mountain</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rakhine Roma Mountain</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Top best attractions
are as following <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dz3Ts1ryQT1g5yL1Qy8KCeQGqwuFTX6nSWTc9JfmhNIbLNS-2a_u4ciG9CbmyFs4OI0EFjImyfBKesasRUfUA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mrauk U is an ancient city
former capital of Arakanese kingdom where you can visit many hundreds of
historical temples and pagodas around the city. Early morning tourists scramble
up a rather steep hill, overlooking of Mrauk U city, hundreds of stunning
temples and pagodas as far as the eye can see. </span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mrauk U View</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmGbZJM77gds2bqjK34kuSu7fujrQty1MW-ViUUcsS-EGmSKJp7VtI2o6JshAnZTgjkxhOoNt8ivYYNWtcNM3mhyDqbWQOs90-SUQceKprKu4zMcg-AHCpruMhQbe0SJlclA88lZdq/s1600/mrauk-shwedaungview2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmGbZJM77gds2bqjK34kuSu7fujrQty1MW-ViUUcsS-EGmSKJp7VtI2o6JshAnZTgjkxhOoNt8ivYYNWtcNM3mhyDqbWQOs90-SUQceKprKu4zMcg-AHCpruMhQbe0SJlclA88lZdq/s1600/mrauk-shwedaungview2.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mrauk U View</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqIyL6bHCt09YA47AFq_HpFAUG-IQZT1edE6HSQlIbwOlmSnLfg0AgQxklDRasK7Dadk1z3ZkSOWNtR4IJ2Sg_Z3EIt7dmEcUarEbhfR_JGUz7xDC6efm7VX2L8F6QLb7Wi48nUMw0/s1600/Mrauk_10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqIyL6bHCt09YA47AFq_HpFAUG-IQZT1edE6HSQlIbwOlmSnLfg0AgQxklDRasK7Dadk1z3ZkSOWNtR4IJ2Sg_Z3EIt7dmEcUarEbhfR_JGUz7xDC6efm7VX2L8F6QLb7Wi48nUMw0/s1600/Mrauk_10.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mrauk U View</td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The gorgeous and ancient temples
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>are everywhere in Mrauk U <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>such as Kothoung Temple, Shitthoung Temple,
Htukkanthein Temple, Ratanabon Pagoda and so on. These temples and pagodas are
not only the precious national objects of Rakhine State but also the invaluable
legacy of humanity. Chin tribe village and natural scenic beauty of Laymyo fresh
water river are best tourist attractions nearby and well worth the visit. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFn28kfLZz1Q2O5v34Fh3fwP_kTw4fGC6x4WjtXpdXi_ZtaKRdrriOHhtGvNl5VkOd95j_l0JpdVcKabRwbbIGI9K5gOu32aMo2LhrtZq3wzBxmaksGGUX9Ox8qaUB_XJN7GyDQAIE/s1600/11055383_357817494429509_3332996184285230911_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFn28kfLZz1Q2O5v34Fh3fwP_kTw4fGC6x4WjtXpdXi_ZtaKRdrriOHhtGvNl5VkOd95j_l0JpdVcKabRwbbIGI9K5gOu32aMo2LhrtZq3wzBxmaksGGUX9Ox8qaUB_XJN7GyDQAIE/s1600/11055383_357817494429509_3332996184285230911_n.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ngapali Beach</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Ngapali Beach</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Located in Western
Myanmar’s Rakhine State. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ngapali beach
is one of the best beach in Myanmar with white sand and clear blue water where
visitors can enjoy the true natural beauty of the beach. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg92lTHfgdIHMpP0Pc6BssaPhwme8jGZHW0WMKjP30Oz0Pwcd2JJeX_ZD_Usz4K20BFDunWYd1lMqLh4gDQ-30DNaPDwxJsaOjyYjtDECl5PDOP657zfjZWni79M1ezVft9VP_OIzt5/s1600/11055358_357817444429514_5984133733334638469_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg92lTHfgdIHMpP0Pc6BssaPhwme8jGZHW0WMKjP30Oz0Pwcd2JJeX_ZD_Usz4K20BFDunWYd1lMqLh4gDQ-30DNaPDwxJsaOjyYjtDECl5PDOP657zfjZWni79M1ezVft9VP_OIzt5/s1600/11055358_357817444429514_5984133733334638469_n.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ngapali Beach </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Many tourists who
travel around Myanmar end their trip in Ngapali beach for relaxation. It is famous
for its natural beauty and peaceful. There is no industry, no pollution along
this beach. Visitors can visit nearby island, small fishing village and explore
countryside. It is also a great place to know the life and culture of the local
people. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnetUGbVCw17uAHp1Oa9s8YOSKMlEHtGg_6QUjQz4VK9xjYksTOiAUUE1nXWo6DcETQ8vfTMQIEbE0DizB3WrT8HpuaqjVFARaCjwvt-Rc7ll4iSmCENhFAdw5HdM4ZJcOfkPvW7l5/s1600/AmataResortNgapali.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnetUGbVCw17uAHp1Oa9s8YOSKMlEHtGg_6QUjQz4VK9xjYksTOiAUUE1nXWo6DcETQ8vfTMQIEbE0DizB3WrT8HpuaqjVFARaCjwvt-Rc7ll4iSmCENhFAdw5HdM4ZJcOfkPvW7l5/s1600/AmataResortNgapali.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ngapali Beach</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio-kyOgRBozbaJTbVG7xHfzNryARvs3CZ0MUKSulcr3SYVfSFrmtt-73jV10LfnqnpWl1V87eXMbvO-iIyb___-Srd4oL6pupR1-Dz8fyY978dOGipFegyQl6O-l15lz_mprKjJXNx/s1600/11035287_357817461096179_616774859483278830_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio-kyOgRBozbaJTbVG7xHfzNryARvs3CZ0MUKSulcr3SYVfSFrmtt-73jV10LfnqnpWl1V87eXMbvO-iIyb___-Srd4oL6pupR1-Dz8fyY978dOGipFegyQl6O-l15lz_mprKjJXNx/s1600/11035287_357817461096179_616774859483278830_n.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ngapali Beach</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">You are all cordially
encouraged to visit to Rakhine State, western part of Myanmar and Local people are
very friendly, helpful, hospitable, and honest. It is pretty sure that your
journey will bring you a truly memorable souvenir of the country. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Notice>>>>>> Video and Images are from Internet, not my own, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Credit to original Photographer.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
</div>
ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-46038826256519280582015-03-12T07:33:00.001-07:002015-03-12T07:33:43.644-07:00The use of Technology to spread the Buddhist Teaching<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9XaOi3lB-ZGzso110-nKADR-UTSdgTyLltC-rfdKshclbPvRUm5CeSLt0OO25PMh4TNf1FBDgDjnxA9LpoKqgYdkoBtwIKCyE1f94Q4mODuTWWX4tr9qON_GkyPmJhLeiXvZa0MUo/s1600/10922442_885291728177218_4362973759993306275_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9XaOi3lB-ZGzso110-nKADR-UTSdgTyLltC-rfdKshclbPvRUm5CeSLt0OO25PMh4TNf1FBDgDjnxA9LpoKqgYdkoBtwIKCyE1f94Q4mODuTWWX4tr9qON_GkyPmJhLeiXvZa0MUo/s1600/10922442_885291728177218_4362973759993306275_n.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In the modern era, technology
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and confortable and it is useful in every sector regardless of race, faiths as
well as religions. So modern technology makes things easier to use and save
time compared to the previous era. As it is an essential tool for everyday
life, people use it to make life easy and to save time. Buddhist monks today
use technology to spread Buddhist teaching to every part of the world. I
support the idea of using technology to spread of Buddhist teaching.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">People who are Buddhist
or non-Buddhist from all over the world can study Buddhism through technology
or the Internet which is one of effective way to spread of Buddhist teaching.
It is good thing that Buddhist monks can easily read Tipitaka books by
installing Tipitaka software in PC or Tablet and easily carry wherever they go. </span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Who
has the commitment to keep alive the Buddha’s teachings? In the past it has
typically been the monks and scholars with specialised training in the Dhamma.
Traditionally they have preserved and spread the Teachings. But 21<sup>st</sup>
century Buddhism will be left behind as a museum piece if we do not harness
ourselves to the new technologies and the Internet.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></b></span></span></span></a></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As we are all living in
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Buddhist teaching to the rest of the world by using technology. If we are ignoring
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Buddhism will be decline gradually and then finally it will be die out<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>from the earth. </span></div>
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aware of the potential dangers of imbalance due to over fascination with
technology. The key is to be present, to be mindfully present with whatever
you’re doing, so even when you’re online you need to be present and aware of
what you’re doing.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></b></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Everything has positive
and negative aspects. Whatever we use without proper consideration becomes
poison of life. If people use technology moderately then nothing negative
affects their life. In the same way, Buddhist monks should use technology
moderately and heedfully in order to spread Buddhism to every part of the
world. It depend on users how they use it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Even though there is
some negative effect on users using technology, the technology will still be an
important tool in the future that Buddhist leaders will use for the propagation
of Buddhism. This is why I agree with the idea of using technology to spread Buddhist
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha24AoZVKXfaD82q-0HwUTi9_GIfmvzqjD0uKsMHenkT8fxVK3CKFYiVokijmtTyQNS9QlcpzQLlxShDLIp4eVsFJsmUMDJ9c1OmrM3tiBuev03IzzW_g_uX46gniGisVBuMiQyxV0/s1600/20140215_090402.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha24AoZVKXfaD82q-0HwUTi9_GIfmvzqjD0uKsMHenkT8fxVK3CKFYiVokijmtTyQNS9QlcpzQLlxShDLIp4eVsFJsmUMDJ9c1OmrM3tiBuev03IzzW_g_uX46gniGisVBuMiQyxV0/s1600/20140215_090402.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In conclusion, today
the world biggest influence is technology. Although technology cannot give true
happiness and true peace, it has the power to spread Buddhist teaching to every
part of the world. Buddhist leaders or scholars should use this effective way
to spread <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Buddha Dhamma. No one can deny
the importance of technology and its influence which can give positive or
negative affect on users. But today as a technology era, there is no way to
spread of Buddhist teaching without technology.</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Venerable Pannyavaro, www.buddhanet.net/mag_surf.htm</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
Tri Nguyen, 2008, http://www.quangminh.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=182:the-use-of-the-internet-in-buddhist-institutions&catid=1:latest-news</div>
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ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-69388663486446230942014-10-30T22:35:00.001-07:002014-10-30T22:35:22.540-07:00Buddhism and Social Work: Monks as Social Workers<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2tM_N9JlNRkszTROryGan8BIORU1EejqBcsoMD04YhLivKyX7Zp9gDdUM9J2FDhiHECPiwFU8DtNbPEOIS7jP2Z38Ekd0sbVYnC4xgJ7gx5-fAmdUD-1Qn2s-yfCBW1yh8Z07ruzg/s1600/Picture1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2tM_N9JlNRkszTROryGan8BIORU1EejqBcsoMD04YhLivKyX7Zp9gDdUM9J2FDhiHECPiwFU8DtNbPEOIS7jP2Z38Ekd0sbVYnC4xgJ7gx5-fAmdUD-1Qn2s-yfCBW1yh8Z07ruzg/s1600/Picture1.jpg" height="159" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Social work means different kind of works intended to
benefit mankind consist of individual charity, teaching, training as well as
political activities in working for a better society. As being Buddhist monks,
monks should involve in social actions for the development of society but they
should understand the situation in involving social action and what kinds of social
works are suitable and appropriate for Buddhist monks and how monks can help to
society.</span><a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Some people believe that Buddhist
monks should live only in the temples and pray many hours a day, rather than
involve themselves in daily life. But monks have in fact been engaged for a
long time, just in an unsystematic way. Monks have built schools, orphanage
center and hospitals, but nobody realized that it was social engagement.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Here I would like
to mention about Kukkine orphanage center or Tejedarama temple in Bahan
township Yangon where I was staying for many years and how the monk organizers
provides for homeless children and how the abbot trains their mind. Social work
is actually difficult more than what we can imagine and thought. Social workers
help people overcome problems and make their lives better.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWdMvztYGzciUbp1D5h5UCPfaY_ll2naHWYapKJ7ETjJAzP1Q5j1nxJlG3F2NNqt7WQBiujEsLQbXvR6WVLhiuaPqBU5_qljjKjH5lUuPniPFYfbWpNV8jyeniwJoXNIXy03O2jTds/s1600/Picture2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWdMvztYGzciUbp1D5h5UCPfaY_ll2naHWYapKJ7ETjJAzP1Q5j1nxJlG3F2NNqt7WQBiujEsLQbXvR6WVLhiuaPqBU5_qljjKjH5lUuPniPFYfbWpNV8jyeniwJoXNIXy03O2jTds/s1600/Picture2.jpg" height="158" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tejedarama temple or Kukkine orphanage center also
provides many things for orphaned children and make sure for their life.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kukkine center is a peace place to stay
for hopeless children from different parts of Myanmar. This center makes to
save the life of hopeless children and gives bright hope to them physically and
spiritually as well.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I do really appreciate our abbot for this hard job and I
understand how hard this work for him, the founder abbot does not have strong
budget but he has very strong minded to overcome all difficulties in order to
run this center. The founder abbot works to help children and assist people in
managing their daily lives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The purpose establishment of this center is to provide
the impoverished and orphan children of Myanmar with love, a comfortable
accommodation, good education, spiritual enrichment, and physical development.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">And To help them obtain a higher education.<br />
Nurture them to become good leaders to their communities when they graduate from
schools. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">To develop a self-reliance and lead the community. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">To serve
communities as they take turn to feed those orphans.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span> </div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And the founder abbot intended to
develop the children confidently<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>surrounded by unconditional love, respect, compassion and dignity,
leading them to earn a decent living and be productive in their community.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And also to cover them from street
life, abandonment, and victims of maltreatment, and to provide them to have the
safety place and live positive sense of life and to care their educational and
intellectual that train them in hopefully way, and to care their health with
physically need. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I am going to conclude this writing by praising of our
abbot hard working and devote most of his precious times on this social work.
To up lift their moral and living standard by helping them meet their spiritual
and physical needs both. One day, when they become mature and earn proper
education or have efficient qualification to stand on their own feet, they will
lead their own communities in some development projects not just only to
support their own families. This is why children are seedling for future; we
all have to give them good fertilizers. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-24019180315021532522014-10-29T03:33:00.001-07:002014-10-29T03:33:36.699-07:00My First Teaching Experience <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzMOeMoa8SoONXoUuvRQMNpZnbRDHm2gDZZ0pCmB0ela-OWJ_QRwcib61f0zOoOhK9i-HcBUO5E_aH9WuXcJNwZfQ2kaJ5vFTZe6TDAgo217OjVtdg3JRAfmin29U4M6JlkU8KSr_M/s1600/imagesCAGUPWQP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzMOeMoa8SoONXoUuvRQMNpZnbRDHm2gDZZ0pCmB0ela-OWJ_QRwcib61f0zOoOhK9i-HcBUO5E_aH9WuXcJNwZfQ2kaJ5vFTZe6TDAgo217OjVtdg3JRAfmin29U4M6JlkU8KSr_M/s1600/imagesCAGUPWQP.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">This is just a description
of my teaching experience regarding to teaching project as part of Methods of
Effective Teaching English Subject. The aim of this paper is to let you know
how i felt and experienced about my teaching and just compared the feeling
before the teaching and after teaching.</span><a name='more'></a> <o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">So I would like to
express my gratitude to teacher for giving me this a great chance to teach about
my particular topic and thank you teacher for giving me a great encourages,
priceless advices, and valuable suggestions throughout teaching in the class to
improve student’s abilities and also i do believe that these all valuable
suggestions will probably be playing an important role in my future teaching career.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I would like to share
about my first teaching experiences. It was on 5<sup>th</sup> of October 2014
as part of student project for Master Degree, Faculty of Humanities at
Mahachulalongkornjaravidyalaya University. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I am supposed to teach
about Present Continuous Tease. In fact, I do have teaching experience and i
have taught before but it was always local students and speaks same language. So
as the first time of teaching to international students in English, it is
actually difficult one. I still now remember my half-an hour teaching practice.
It was the first time ever that i taught to our peer classmates in classroom. I
was so nervous the day before and it was more than little worried and feel
nervous just thinking of my teaching process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I was well preparing
for this half-an hour teaching and I prepared about this topic how to teach and
how to make listeners to understand clearly my teaching, so the preparation
process took few hours then i made decision how to teach and how to do in the
class.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">As the first time of
teaching to my Master Degree classmates using in English language about Present
Continuous Tense was extremely difficult and if i do not have self-confidences
and do not believe my abilities, I am sure, I am incapable of doing this
job<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and suddenly worried that i will be unable to
do a great job in teaching but after preparing properly which took few hours and
also to take responsibility for my teaching time, then i feel like i can do it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">My turn or my teaching
time has come on October 5<sup>th</sup>, I was so ready to teach my particular
topic, and I was very enthusiastic for this teaching although I had little
worry and fear. I strongly believe myself and my abilities that i could do it
well and also i was eager to show how i am going to teach, and explain about my
topic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">During giving lecture
my topic, the lesson went that i give was not bad but as non- English native
speaker, i had difficulties to explain as i understand and to make listeners clarify
about my teaching. I had just language weakness to explain all listeners. So in
overall of my teaching, i guessed teaching process was not that much good and
bad. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">After finished my half-
an hour teaching practice on my particular topic at that day, I feel very happy
and proud of by myself for the teaching that i did in the class. I only had
some minor problems at the beginning with my feeling nervousness, fear, and
anxiety and also my legs and hands were shaking on the stage in front of many
students but after few minutes later, the nervousness disappeared and i could build
confidences as normal. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">We all university level
students understand properly about grammar especially basic grammar such as
Present Tense and Present Continuous Tense but to teach in English to our
classmates who are actually peer and have already known what present continuous
is a quite difficult part and have to be very careful in teaching. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">However, i consoled
myself by thinking of one saying “Do not worry to make mistake, the mistake
will help you”. I do agree with this saying. Of course, no one is perfect;
everyone made some mistakes in any conditions. In the human nature, no one is
always bad, no one is always good, people did some mistakes, some faults, guiltiness
and something that was unacceptable in society but all those mistakes can changes
to good condition, we can reform our mistakes to be right things and right
actions and even mistakes help us and guide us to the right path.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">So by thinking of these
mistakes, changeable and flexible conditions, i do have more confidence, eager,
enthusiasm and more passion to do it then finally i did it. I did it not very good
but i did it as much as i could. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">One thing that i
realized and experienced from half-an hour teaching practice was that i need to
build self-confidences. Whatever we do, we should have self- confidences to be
done successfully. Whatever we do, we should believe our abilities to go
forward. So self- confidence is a very important factor for all of us and it is
a key to success for life. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">And from this half-an
hour teaching practice, I got good experiences and good feeling that was best
memories ever teaching practice and i believe these experiences could assist me
to ahead of my future teaching career. I do absolutely need experience in any
situation so that i could profit from good experiences. I could solve the problems
in peaceful way that I might be facing in our future. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">And people always are
learning and practicing through their whole lives. The truth comes from
practice and experiences, we all need good experiences and good knowledge to be
better life. My teaching practice is just first step of long way for future but
the first step should be the right step to ahead forward<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and I still have long way to go for my
career. If i have good effort, passion, experiences and enthusiasm for the next
step, the next step of my life would be beautiful and soothing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Again, thank you very
much to my teacher for organizing of this students project which is very
helpful to get good experiences, brave to teach, boost self- confidence,
develop student’s ability and best guidance for young generation. I am very
much appreciated and very happy having this opportunity in order to build
confidence and better life.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-43857180017288646182014-10-29T01:25:00.001-07:002014-10-29T01:25:34.351-07:00Comparison of Buddhism between Thailand and Myanmar from the Past to the Present<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxWnryO0T_7QoFKd3-olVd41vw1_6chRdyWfdvyn35zCOibP7KOVUW-7BSdgIA4xx_UACbZjf-Vg9ASKGNemZXB0UGjiQutEy6wSh4fclcT9ncIFg-pdyPfKvhoLvFgVQsZ53nt9LW/s1600/10346213_670059699733354_1086759439042627087_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxWnryO0T_7QoFKd3-olVd41vw1_6chRdyWfdvyn35zCOibP7KOVUW-7BSdgIA4xx_UACbZjf-Vg9ASKGNemZXB0UGjiQutEy6wSh4fclcT9ncIFg-pdyPfKvhoLvFgVQsZ53nt9LW/s1600/10346213_670059699733354_1086759439042627087_n.jpg" height="320" width="179" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Buddhism in Myanmar and
Thailand has changed a lot compared to the past, changing about less beliefs,
decline slowly, increasing nominal Buddhists, bogus monks and people believe in
amulets too much that leading to be fade Buddhism gradually.</span><a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Buddhism is the most
predominant religion and majority of people with 89% in Myanmar and 94% in
Thailand according to 2000 Thai national census following Theravada tradition. But
the distinction is that Buddhism is an official state religion in Myanmar but
there is not any state religion in Thailand. There are total 29,000 temples
with 285,000 monks and novices around the country in Thailand. Likewise the
figure is over 56,839 temples with 500,000 monks and novices in Myanmar.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Looking back the
history of both countries, Buddhism in Thailand was introduced by King Asoka’s
mission in 3<sup>rd</sup> century. From that period, Buddhism was spread of the
country and become very prevalent. But according to many stone inscription and
palm inscription, Buddhism was arrived and flourished in Myanmar since the
Buddha time.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx3BUuwbLR80iU52Y8dhgiMmfoOAx-ztMmP92ny81PI0tsuHpdav-AMlQoTC4O5L09VdkusZ5M7matN34OKKprfExRQjbi0ltB8Yol9TYux6KoCxtJsHLT8HUoqxYSHBMGmUYpqgO4/s1600/untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx3BUuwbLR80iU52Y8dhgiMmfoOAx-ztMmP92ny81PI0tsuHpdav-AMlQoTC4O5L09VdkusZ5M7matN34OKKprfExRQjbi0ltB8Yol9TYux6KoCxtJsHLT8HUoqxYSHBMGmUYpqgO4/s1600/untitled.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In the twenty century,
Buddhism was declining gradually in both countries compare to the past. Nominal
Buddhist and fake monks are increase that leaded to Buddhism fading slowly. And
another cause is people believe in amulets too much that is a part of large and
lucrative business. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Most temples in Bangkok
sell different kind of amulets with different prices, people does not care the
prices they lavish on it because people believe wearing around the nick Buddha
holy amulet protect them from any dangers. In Myanmar, people do not wear amulets
but believe in spirit and deity for the sake of daily life and to success in
business which is also the cause of fading Buddhism. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In my view for both
counties is that Buddhism become decline gradually and people are more likely
to follow western culture without consideration of local cultural context and
the number of Buddhist monks are increasing who do not study Buddhist literature,
Pali and misuse of Buddhist teaching for the benefits of individual and lack of
knowledge of Buddhist teaching which leads to the problem of Buddhism.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">References</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1 Roger, Bischoff,
Buddhism in Myanmar: A Short History, Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy, Sri
Lanka, 1995<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2 Noranit Setabutr,
Buddhism in Thailand, The World Buddhist University Council, Selangor,D.E.
Malaysia, 2002<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3 P.A. Payutto, Thai
Buddhism in the Buddhist World, Mahachula Buddhist Studies School, Bangkok,
Thailand 1984<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4
http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/burma-txt.htm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Burma<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">6 http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/kusalasaya/wheel085.html<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-56143303610193514212014-05-07T23:18:00.003-07:002014-05-07T23:18:57.123-07:00Buddhism and Environment <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPi9aKgvJ1n3R1d4XtIKHRItOas3hSVRhDTIbomDsr7is_Ma4R7JQqRZhizGXEEjzhl2Ho4eiOOlUg2AJ5PrukVPldDUkfDJ1Mm9tmQBE48DXBfEbYX1Q3uEXgSgqF_G8Tz9rHDwHC/s1600/P1010063.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPi9aKgvJ1n3R1d4XtIKHRItOas3hSVRhDTIbomDsr7is_Ma4R7JQqRZhizGXEEjzhl2Ho4eiOOlUg2AJ5PrukVPldDUkfDJ1Mm9tmQBE48DXBfEbYX1Q3uEXgSgqF_G8Tz9rHDwHC/s1600/P1010063.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Our Buddhist people believe </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">that if we wish to save the environment, we must first
analyze our lives to determine how our self is destroying the world by
depleting, overpopulating, and polluting the environment.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And
our Buddha also thought us that respect for life and natural would is essential.
And I can recall one Vinaya rule Bhutagama sekkhapada in Pacittaya, that the
Buddha lay down it say monk cannot cut off any trees and break any tree’s
branch so that what I understanding is environment is a really important for
our life. We should not destroy the environment and we should try to promote to
new generation better understanding on environment. And we can see clearly our
Buddha true story that mostly staying at forest and we can consider about
Buddhism. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #291a10; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Buddhism is a religion that places great emphasis on
environmental protection. Sakyamuni Buddha was born at Lumbini Garden. He
engaged in spiritual practice in the forest, attained Buddhahood under a tree,
and first began preaching at Deer Park. The major monasteries where he taught
his disciples were all gardens or woods, such as Jeta Grove, Bamboo Grove,
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<span style="color: #291a10; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Buddha told us in the sutras and precepts that we should
take loving care of animals, and that we should not harm the grass and trees,
but regard them as the home where sentient beings lead their lives.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The name of this temple is Wat Pho and it is a
famous and tourist attractive place in Bangkok and we can say it has a very
good environment because as we can see the ground of this very clean and there
are many trees that gives peace shadow for visitors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This
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Many tourists and local people come to visit every day. There are many kinds of
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">These are all
individual meditation buildings at Wat Dhammakaya. You can see how environment
is nice and peace. This area is quiet but there are many kinds of birds
living just like forest. And this is one of the best example to show off good
environment. So I can probably say that this is the best place for meditators
and the environment is excellent. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">And another the best
example to show good environment is Chinese temple in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Singapore where I paid visited last year.
This temple is the center of Chinese garden. The garden is very huge and very
clean. In the morning many people come and do exercise in this temple area.
This is the best one of to show good environment.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This is Wat Chiang dao
in Chiang mai province. Behind of this temple has very high mountain and there
has a very long and deep cave that I visited last year December. It is very far
from Changmai city but there are lots of foreigners just for visiting this cave
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ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-64332563692018857732014-04-30T00:41:00.003-07:002014-04-30T00:41:44.666-07:00Learning from Nature<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvgjx18u0g6iYJPk9hplc7zRrDYZN01CvbwX1hQqw2fZxcdSQpHAs2T4dg38D6MIT9DWtWzVkUIix2M_Hi91lfYyB0-nfAZbWy7bPgKOyL_-BUNYEGpcoYVkGdwLWEFpX9FuuxnEzf/s1600/leaves.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvgjx18u0g6iYJPk9hplc7zRrDYZN01CvbwX1hQqw2fZxcdSQpHAs2T4dg38D6MIT9DWtWzVkUIix2M_Hi91lfYyB0-nfAZbWy7bPgKOyL_-BUNYEGpcoYVkGdwLWEFpX9FuuxnEzf/s1600/leaves.jpg" height="214" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Trees provide beautiful flowers, green leaves, and
peaceful shade, and fruit. They are very helpful. When they are cut by human
beings, it means they hurt their best friends. The life of Buddha was mostly
spent in the forests. He became enlightened while meditating beneath a great
Bodhi Tree. The Buddha stood for one week gazing at the same Bodhi tree. The
Buddha demonstrated his gratitude and appreciation to the tree that had
sheltered and nurtured him. The Buddha always taught followers to realize the
value of nature and live in harmony with nature.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a> The Buddha used the natural
environment as curriculum because nature served many examples or illustrations
for Dhamma lessons. Nature is honest, green leaves turn to yellow leaves and
later fall down. However, currently, people find it difficult to notice nature
and learn uncertainty or change because they live in urban area- residences
that are comfortable and far removed from nature. it is a pity, humanity lacks
the chance to witness non-ego, impermanence, and suffering. When humanity comprehends
or is able to access nature, insights into the Dhamma is gained- Buddhist
teachings become instantaneously recognizable.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Buddha realized the helpfulness of nature: he
provides the teachings for us to be grateful and to conserve nature. he also
enacted the monastic regulations, making forbidden: killing living beings,
cutting trees, digging the ground or releasing the waste into revers or
reservoirs. The Buddha encouraged monks to travel during most of the year and
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adherents to abstain from engaging in violence. The Buddha taught in the Vinaya
Pitaka which is the collection of monastery rules laid down by the Buddha for
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Reference: Dr. Phra Dhamakosajarn, Dhamma and Environmental Preservation, the 8th International Buddhist Conference on the United Nations Day of Vesak Celebrations, 2011 </span></div>
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ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-22463662662612695672014-04-29T02:26:00.002-07:002014-10-11T19:58:16.369-07:00The Buddha’s Guide to Peace and Happiness: The Singalovada Sutta<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0pe-jZ66lHC9BNLZ7C7OHpeDgpimNeMq6Vge21PAkqWjNgVjofw785xrSi1-n5F_FybjKCi34-ihbPFZDr81q0MP6vmNj6dqS9gmSnjcsZVSRXuNrBifpYUbxzgw0_rFPO6KRnUbD/s1600/39.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0pe-jZ66lHC9BNLZ7C7OHpeDgpimNeMq6Vge21PAkqWjNgVjofw785xrSi1-n5F_FybjKCi34-ihbPFZDr81q0MP6vmNj6dqS9gmSnjcsZVSRXuNrBifpYUbxzgw0_rFPO6KRnUbD/s1600/39.jpg" height="320" width="295" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Buddha’s Guide to Peace and Happiness is based
on the Singalovada Sutta, one of his greatest and most valuable set of
teachings. It deals with basic morality, building and preserving wealth,
friendships, the reciprocal responsibilities in social relationships and the
qualities of successful persons. This teaching benefits both individuals and
society as a whole too.</span></div>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Sutta is named after Sigala, a young man who
lived during the time of the Buddha. Singala was headstrong, materialistic and
stubborn and always had many excuses for not paying respects to the Buddha or
even going to temple. The parents of this young man were devotees of the Buddha
but they could not make him follow their footsteps . his father, a very wealthy
man was worried that Singala would go astray and fritter away the fortune that
he stood to inherit.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Buddha then proceeded to give a new and more
meaningful explanation to this ritual. The explanation formed the basis of the
discourse that we now come to know as the Singalovada Sutta. At the end of the
discourse, Singala took refuge in the Buddha and become one of his devout
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> http://www.justbegood.net/Blessings05Guide04.htm</span></div>
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ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-36440682004972752152014-04-27T00:14:00.003-07:002014-04-27T00:14:58.091-07:00What is Kamma and rebirth?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Ca6Nx-GQA81Fqf4tJIrwnQZkKflAZOKxICQ4u_H-Sep4vYiLWMOs3vUmwbn0l0u9Tdxj8miP1vM5UUDi0f_TGlThS5wpwdLffy-l60SBBdiEA0toWFS-3P5kt2ngFPeZF6D-uc69/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Ca6Nx-GQA81Fqf4tJIrwnQZkKflAZOKxICQ4u_H-Sep4vYiLWMOs3vUmwbn0l0u9Tdxj8miP1vM5UUDi0f_TGlThS5wpwdLffy-l60SBBdiEA0toWFS-3P5kt2ngFPeZF6D-uc69/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kamma means action, if
we do good thing, good result will come back to you and if you do bad thing,
bad result will come back to you. It means that the echo of your action will
come back to you.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rebirth</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-
in Buddhism, death is not the end of life, it is merely the end of body we
inhabit in this life, but our spirit will still remain and seek out though the
seed of attachment , attachment to a new body and new life and reborn again in
new life. It<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is called rebirth</span></div>
</div>
ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-10526080073951354722014-04-27T00:07:00.002-07:002014-04-27T00:07:57.534-07:00What is the most important in five precepts?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYcR_6xjPWtPgl084FvU-GQ0ehc2fYNK9Q2U9RotAGJueXPGqWzWwnlc1sJbnTiaetWBhMxOtItPGZdm5wbVsLvqny3-3eSBeMch1wUL1tG072kMrR3UlTSx5dm3mPnMxcauXba1o-/s1600/may16.03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYcR_6xjPWtPgl084FvU-GQ0ehc2fYNK9Q2U9RotAGJueXPGqWzWwnlc1sJbnTiaetWBhMxOtItPGZdm5wbVsLvqny3-3eSBeMch1wUL1tG072kMrR3UlTSx5dm3mPnMxcauXba1o-/s1600/may16.03.jpg" height="200" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The third precept
sexual misconduct is the most important in five precepts because the third
precept sexual misconduct is strictly superfluous and any sexual conduct
involving violence, manipulation or deceit conduct that therefore leads to
suffering and problems.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
</div>
ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-4101757010339259232014-04-25T23:21:00.001-07:002014-04-25T23:21:49.905-07:00What is the role or importance of precepts in Buddhism?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The morality is a very
important for everyone in any society, by fully maintain the five precepts, we
become prepared to perform good actions of many other types, and the main
benefit of keeping precepts is for yourself because they prevent you from going
astray.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
Precepts are voluntary
mode of moral conduct that promote happiness, right livelihood, harmony oneself
and society without regrets. <br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipvJMJvLDqfexy40fcaVlpj9kjQdVaHbzOruEK-b4YzWGCEBTcea7frdg0_PInLYIRbblwRbUTmYo7AHyua5lMve8yRjhaifmTAkzw1bz57ergwkzWFT7je_M1i26YRCSUq0ntdD3z/s1600/P1010110.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipvJMJvLDqfexy40fcaVlpj9kjQdVaHbzOruEK-b4YzWGCEBTcea7frdg0_PInLYIRbblwRbUTmYo7AHyua5lMve8yRjhaifmTAkzw1bz57ergwkzWFT7je_M1i26YRCSUq0ntdD3z/s1600/P1010110.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Practicing precepts
helps to purify and concentrate the mind in meditation, and even to a heavenly
rebirth.</span></div>
</div>
ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-56483492195223652642014-04-24T23:07:00.001-07:002014-04-24T23:07:13.965-07:00Why do people bow to the Buddha statues?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A piece of clay or
bronze or jade is not object of our respect.</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Buddhists do not
bow to just statues but to the Buddha statues that representative of real
Buddha and his teaching or Dhamma.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJlqbvCut1x2xufnvl9PBPKDMV7JYmJsS3geoFoSkTTjHHy0rWpUuSy-mx9FsVeQb8DGfuyB1O132dq51C0wwu3IGq0XlU4hyphenhyphenY3jZMktuitlBlQ9ogDTm45xolUKAEKT9qVcJJjiBf/s1600/tallest-statues-world-laykyun-setkyar-myanmar.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJlqbvCut1x2xufnvl9PBPKDMV7JYmJsS3geoFoSkTTjHHy0rWpUuSy-mx9FsVeQb8DGfuyB1O132dq51C0wwu3IGq0XlU4hyphenhyphenY3jZMktuitlBlQ9ogDTm45xolUKAEKT9qVcJJjiBf/s1600/tallest-statues-world-laykyun-setkyar-myanmar.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> When we bow before Buddha image, we are
recalling the qualities of the enlightened beings. The status or painting
serves to remind us of the qualities of the Buddha and it is qualities that we
are bowing to.</span></div>
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ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-32331706253459835592014-04-24T20:45:00.003-07:002014-04-24T20:45:54.177-07:00What is triple gem in Buddhism?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Triple Gem is Buddha,
Dhamma and Sangha.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Buddha= Buddha is a
Sanskrit word that means’ awakened one’. A Buddha is someone who has realized
the enlightenment that end the cycle of birth and death and which bring
liberation from suffering.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGptH9hO2j8uzhpetroQzofBrP4sV7mHe09uodLQRhfL6wgw_lPJ4bSCkqzlAFo9Tyz-msYQ0HRsPRdIYroSmfwPt3Ab6uDDlcEwZp9dS1t5CwBW4U3gVDLCDjBgGZ-OmYDy39ItDS/s1600/What-is-Dharma-holy-guru-teachings-law-of-universe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGptH9hO2j8uzhpetroQzofBrP4sV7mHe09uodLQRhfL6wgw_lPJ4bSCkqzlAFo9Tyz-msYQ0HRsPRdIYroSmfwPt3Ab6uDDlcEwZp9dS1t5CwBW4U3gVDLCDjBgGZ-OmYDy39ItDS/s1600/What-is-Dharma-holy-guru-teachings-law-of-universe.jpg" height="225" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dhamma- Dhamma means
protection, by practicing the teaching of the Buddha we protect our self<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>from suffering and problems . All problems we
experience during daily life originate in ignorance and the method for
eliminating ignorance is to protect of Dhamma. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz_7a8EN6v46IW0AMBA4PzpeWdyk1EflPRK_6khM_BbF5WxWMxprsgu5Tvwn_mUO-dgvzKQEZPA-7WMWhdLN2-M3IjzSCSv7FjLMyEgVoZ4JBtutzgFwvcY2K0v38m1uExrETjrNP3/s1600/Luang_Prabang_Takuhatsu_%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%91%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3_%E6%89%98%E9%89%A2%E5%83%A7_DSCF6990.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz_7a8EN6v46IW0AMBA4PzpeWdyk1EflPRK_6khM_BbF5WxWMxprsgu5Tvwn_mUO-dgvzKQEZPA-7WMWhdLN2-M3IjzSCSv7FjLMyEgVoZ4JBtutzgFwvcY2K0v38m1uExrETjrNP3/s1600/Luang_Prabang_Takuhatsu_%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%91%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3_%E6%89%98%E9%89%A2%E5%83%A7_DSCF6990.JPG" height="320" width="213" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sangha- Sangha<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(group of assembly ) is community of
ordained monks, novice and nuns.</span></div>
</div>
ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-50161914918486123512014-04-24T20:13:00.001-07:002014-04-24T20:13:54.266-07:00What is Meditation?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjfp9Z_6pfWcx_a23aBKH6vhEq2_5OaPGZJmq6xBB_GCl36NQZ9BmT99cdFNJ1WR1BJwaUsPpfqHE0ppYE32jE8KC3ghjOX4mNd6CxFgdprhW8q_-gv6WNR_6M4Dze5D6NTbbAVa8w/s1600/10269627_658159844238129_5572949483265564122_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjfp9Z_6pfWcx_a23aBKH6vhEq2_5OaPGZJmq6xBB_GCl36NQZ9BmT99cdFNJ1WR1BJwaUsPpfqHE0ppYE32jE8KC3ghjOX4mNd6CxFgdprhW8q_-gv6WNR_6M4Dze5D6NTbbAVa8w/s1600/10269627_658159844238129_5572949483265564122_n.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Our
everyday life is too</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mundane and not so
beautiful. Everybody in the world is infatuate, wanted and loves Sukha which
mean real happiness and enjoys but dislike mental and physical painful feeling
that called in Pali Dukha. And also find the way of avoiding and removing
unpleasantness. In order to peace our mind and to drive out our greed, hatred
and delusion, we need to control our mind, so the best way to control our
wandering mind and spreading mind to anywhere is meditation. So I would like to
introduce and franking out about meditation that I learned from meditation
practically by myself. And also share my experience to everyone who interested
in meditation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What is meditation?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In my
personal view of about meditation is that meditation is the best medicine to
cure our mind and we can say that the way to train the mind and cultivation of
mind. Meditation could make calm the mind, develop concentration and brings our
attention to the present moment. To meditate properly is meant, to come to
peace, to come to an end of though process and to achieve complete stillness of
the mind. Meditation is not sometime in the form of a magic wand but the mode
of Buddhist way of achieving the discipline of the mind. And also meditation is
that the only way to calm the mind and actually to discover the unfolding the
mysterious and the vague character of the mind that surround us in the world of
miseries. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And our minds are very
complex and have many different aspects to them. That is why,( His Holiness the
Dalai Lama says that one meditation method alone is not sufficient to develop
all aspects of ourselves.) it is very good to learn a various of meditation
because each one deals with different aspect of our mind. But each meditation
has its own specialty. For example, when you are very fluster and restless, it
is very good the way to do the breathing meditation to settle your mind down.
After your mind is calmer, you can do other meditation such as meditation on
love or meditation on the kindness of other. And you can meditate on emptiness
to develop the wisdom to understand reality. Those are all very good way of
meditation for all.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Two kinds of
meditation:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In
Buddhism way of about meditation, there are two kinds of meditation such as
Samatha meditation and Vipassana meditation. Between these two meditations
Samatha and Vipassana are totally quite <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>different, Samatha meditation aims for the
peace of the mind but Vipassana meditation aims for knowing and seeing the
reality, be able to gain wisdom from the power of the mind. Here, we really
should know about different between Samatha meditation and Vipassana
meditation. The meaning of Samatha is that concentration, tranquility. When I
am meditating or when the mind is deeply concentrated on the object of meditation,
it become tranquil. So Samatha meditation purpose is that to attain deep
concentration of mind. The benefits of Samatha meditation is that attainment of
deep concentration. When the mind is deeply concentrate on the object of
meditation, all bad things defilement greed, hatred, delusion conceit and
desire, are not present in the mind which is engrossed in the object. Therefore
the mind is peace from these defilements, when our mind is free from all bad
things defilement, we will meet with true happiness, peace, calm, tranquil and
happy. That is why Samatha meditation brings some degree of real happiness.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRu-Xu1BsG_MojW9dTktwdBT-DdXhd_z8d6-VtLx1x2lbmeLKI2uh5_F370c4GxXZ7WG0EDU9L7weqKHLSN1o2KXCjUjTrgWhWSRfHvkhxVPlL7UFJs7ycRq0GpHMvJgx3ADU_rYi4/s1600/10256093_658159754238138_6479631062447279999_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRu-Xu1BsG_MojW9dTktwdBT-DdXhd_z8d6-VtLx1x2lbmeLKI2uh5_F370c4GxXZ7WG0EDU9L7weqKHLSN1o2KXCjUjTrgWhWSRfHvkhxVPlL7UFJs7ycRq0GpHMvJgx3ADU_rYi4/s1600/10256093_658159754238138_6479631062447279999_n.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">And another Vipassana
meditation purpose is that to attain the ending of suffering think truly
understanding the physical and mental processes. I would like to say that we
need indeed concentration; the concentration could attain though steady and
mindfulness.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Here we come to
understand the different between Samatha meditation and Vipassana meditation.
The summery of these two what difference is that Samata meditation to attain
the peace and happiness deep concentration. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Vipassana meditation
purpose is that to attain cessation of suffering though understanding of mental
and physical processes, and true natural. So these two methods of meditation
Samatha meditation and Vipassana meditation are very quite different. Any
physical or mental process can be the object of meditation. And also these two
methods purpose and results of Samatha meditation and Vipassana meditation are
very different.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The benefits of
meditations:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Every meditator’s
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it is a good way to experience and inner peace. As the mind become more and
more calm your mind also more and more peace and you will absolutely get
feeling flashes in your insight, and you will feel inner peace and inner joy. Those
are some of meditations’ benefits. If you are beginner at meditation, firstly you
will feel a little bit difficulty to get concentration, and you will feel some
itches, some pain or tension in your body but those kinds of feeling is
happened before you get concentration. As long as your meditating and
concentration deepen, your feeling painful, and itches will disappear from your
mind and body, and then you will feel calm, peace and happy. Worries and your
feeling bad are disappearing. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And when
you are concentrating deeply on meditation, you forget everything and physical
life, your close friend, your family, your economic condition, your work and
almost everything. Your consciousness is now free from body, mind and emotion. When
emotion disappears while you are meditating deeply, you, actually, will know
that emptiness that is full of happiness, existence, life and power.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Many years ago,
meditation was considered that meditation is just for religious person, not
modern people but now a day it has become very popular among all kinds of
people, therefore many western people approach to meditation center to search
their real happiness and peace in Buddhism way. And to remove or disappear their
tension, hatred and delusion, therefore a lot of western people rely on
Buddhist temple for their physical and mental problem to relief their problem.
So meditation could be change to people and help the way to peace for everyone
who are looking for happiness, peace path for their life. We can pursue as for
as we want. My personally believe that many people who interested about
meditation may be satisfy with meditating for greater relaxation and peace of
mind. And then if we can attain peace of mind in meditation then this peace
will to some extent remain with us for the rest of the day. That are all
endless benefits of mediation, therefore I am indeed interested in meditation.
And hope everyone to gain true rejoice, happiness, and peace from mediation.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Conclusion</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As much as you spend
your precious time on meditation, you will gain endless profits from practice
meditation. If you have the time, try to practice meditation at least an hour
each day. Now a day, people are very busy with different situation but they
also waste their times on online, TV, movie, chit-chat with friends and so on.
So everyone has time to meditate just one hour a day, that is not too much,
before you go to bed at night and get up from the bad in early morning that is
the best time to take meditation. Before you go to work taking meditation just
five minutes is very good as well. And also need to learn about
insight(vipassana) meditation. The purpose of insight (Vipassana )meditation is
that not to create a system of beliefs, but rather to give guidance on how to
see clearly into the nature of the mind. </span></div>
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ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-89280481418361908672014-04-17T21:04:00.000-07:002014-04-17T21:04:00.431-07:00Buddhist Monks<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQZuWifoRXNHdX491aGBa_msZEiP_WRkiO2JJnx9vF3J-CMHvpMMTI5k_xC-cAcQ5sr4y2StB8o3DoQm4OAywjEbArVVBdoRfrcHoY4HvCnKAsSlnb4VsEkz5qszDIakakFu_TsV-w/s1600/Myanmar_Conflict_and__John_(2)_t607.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQZuWifoRXNHdX491aGBa_msZEiP_WRkiO2JJnx9vF3J-CMHvpMMTI5k_xC-cAcQ5sr4y2StB8o3DoQm4OAywjEbArVVBdoRfrcHoY4HvCnKAsSlnb4VsEkz5qszDIakakFu_TsV-w/s1600/Myanmar_Conflict_and__John_(2)_t607.jpg" height="207" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Buddhist Monks observe
227 monastic codes called Patimokkha Rules. They are allowed to possess only
eight requisites:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>thee robes, an alms
bowl, a knife, a needle, a waistband, and a water strainer. They can, however,
accept other necessities presented to them by lay followers. The monk’s life
and daily duties a little differ each Theravada countries. In this post,
describe about Myanmar and Thai monks. </span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
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are invited out to perform ceremonies such as house warming, house blessings,
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When being ordained, an
ordination candidate is given a Pali monastic name. The name comes from the
spiritual teacher or preceptor of the candidate himself. However, newly
ordained or ordinary monks are often addressed by an honorific title Ashin or
Phra, U and his given name prior to ordination. Pali monastic names are
reserved for formal occasions. Monks are governed by the Ecclesiastical Council
chaired by the Supreme Patriarch. A temple is administered by an abbot and
other senior monks in a descending order. Monks are ranked according to their
seniority, administrative or scholastic abilities. They can be promoted to a
higher rank in recognition of their service. Monks are highly revered by lay
followers. Special vocabulary is used when lay people interact with monks or
refer to them.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX6sYmDaOd6np97O7PajQoZZ1ZsP0ziClUt8-sShlRBtJIVfRLsTbSvQ7-VJrrkqPr78MclgkQW4AN5Znbf1I4LEsC5XtAP2nRksBuSmLptGSSgw5EoxgP3fTsArzTX__vkV5i5fMe/s1600/novice-monks-inle-lake-myanmar-burma-buddhism-nikon-d700-24-85mm-david-lazar.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX6sYmDaOd6np97O7PajQoZZ1ZsP0ziClUt8-sShlRBtJIVfRLsTbSvQ7-VJrrkqPr78MclgkQW4AN5Znbf1I4LEsC5XtAP2nRksBuSmLptGSSgw5EoxgP3fTsArzTX__vkV5i5fMe/s1600/novice-monks-inle-lake-myanmar-burma-buddhism-nikon-d700-24-85mm-david-lazar.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In Thailand, when
receiving things from a woman, a receiving cloth must be placed on the floor
for the woman to place the object on. At the same time the monk will hold the
other end of the cloth in a gesture of the receiving what is presented. When
placing alms in an alms bowl, woman donor must be careful not to touch the
bowl, not to stand too close to the monk and not to touch the monk’s robe. But in
Myanmar, Monk can receive things directly from female donor without any barrier
or without any cloth piece. Some monks are actively involved in worldly
activities such as caring for the sick, the needy, the orphans etc. Because of
these activities, many temples have unintentionally turned into hospitals,
schools, day care centers or rehabilitation centers. Even when temples do not
provide that kind of service, they have always been considered the last refuge
for suffering beings. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The practices of Monks
set them up for a long and fulfilling life. Not worrying about material
objects, sex, and food all the time gives Buddhist monks a very stress free
life. Through meditation, they are able to divert their energy into what
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Source: Pornpimol Senawong, Thai Ties, Samaphan Publishing Co,Ltd, Bangkok, 2008 </span></div>
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ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-61881536790818055272014-04-12T08:56:00.002-07:002014-04-12T08:56:40.640-07:00Myanmar New Year or Thingyan<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZNtrbI5vSWcsd_D_bl4HeH6tZBgtdTdfOqiQ9Uw5LTrQ3FaVnus1OtDXTy12VbY4H2uzgJMy6xPYQ9MtBsPrKj18w-16bvwew6UR9WmBzQJZC2XtHcgvbeRxHlUa7bqw7NSR8A09K/s1600/20111108141332.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZNtrbI5vSWcsd_D_bl4HeH6tZBgtdTdfOqiQ9Uw5LTrQ3FaVnus1OtDXTy12VbY4H2uzgJMy6xPYQ9MtBsPrKj18w-16bvwew6UR9WmBzQJZC2XtHcgvbeRxHlUa7bqw7NSR8A09K/s1600/20111108141332.jpg" height="261" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Times fly so fast, it’s close to New Year again.</span><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Water festival or Thingyan</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> is the <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Myanmar</span> New </strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Year</span></strong> and
usually falls around mid-April. It is a Buddhist festival celebrated over a
period of four to five days culminating in the New Year.</span> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People
from all over the world know New Year as water festival. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Since the
beginning of March, the weather has been hot, dry and the whole countryside
lies parched and barren. As </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">the
weather is very hot and every age of Myanmar people including tourists,
foreigners come out onto the road and greeted each other by throwing gently
water over head and whole body. Water festival is actually the Myanmar New Year
and celebrated all over the country.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Everywhere we look around; there are plenty of Padauk trees and
laburnum trees. And it is also the time for April showers to make the Padauk and
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Padauk and laburnum flower usually blooms at April when Myanmar celebrates New Year
Water festival. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU-LmGcYleiVtTxTIJ-0ZV_qnT_YlF3e0KUBmErn8EoU_L9K1Gf3ccg5_nef0pdnbbAnCEFLGnok3gg0GA20Jamwk9ULGaqR6B2XhNm2F4eGeWtEXd7lp3s5YUAetRT1_ZeLnK5MpO/s1600/padauk21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU-LmGcYleiVtTxTIJ-0ZV_qnT_YlF3e0KUBmErn8EoU_L9K1Gf3ccg5_nef0pdnbbAnCEFLGnok3gg0GA20Jamwk9ULGaqR6B2XhNm2F4eGeWtEXd7lp3s5YUAetRT1_ZeLnK5MpO/s1600/padauk21.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yellow bright flower blooms all around Myanmar with very sweet
smell and people offers to Buddha statues and women also attached that yellow
bright flower to their hair. Padauk and Laburnum flowers are the symbol of
Myanmar New Year as well as national flowers of the nation. </span></div>
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ashinpannasirihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07747235861087003013noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6166478371248669035.post-55208284879936625982014-04-10T21:24:00.002-07:002014-04-10T21:24:54.811-07:00The Role of Buddhist Monk in Developing Sustainable Society<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Abstract </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In this paper I
described about the role of Buddhist monk in social action, social activities
and social work for the development of society. There are many possible ways
Buddhist monks can help society and can do in different kinds of social
activities to be sustainable development. For all Buddhist monks in all
Buddhist countries, we can divide them into to three groups. 1 forest monks who
love to meditate and sharing, teaching of meditation practice to others. 2 Pali
literature monks who like to study Pali Tipitaka and teach to new generation
monks and novice to last long of Buddhism and 3 general monks who mostly like
and consider to involve in social activities, and social action for the
development of society. So that there are many possible ways that Buddhist
monks involve in social activities with only purpose of development society.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Introduction </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Buddha's first
order, given five months after his enlightenment was to go out and reach the
people, to proclaim the <em>Dhamma</em><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">,</i>
the way of life for the people. The Buddha taught that people could not find
peace if they did not listen to the <em>Dhamma</em><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">.</i> We all know that Buddhist monks in all Theravada Buddhist
countries have traditionally relinquished their worldly attachments in favor of
a simple life devoted to the three trainings of Buddhism.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Precepts:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Ethical conduct</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Concentration:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Meditation practice</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wisdom:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Dharma study and direct spiritual insight</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Time
passed and condition changed today world. In the past, monk’s responsibility is
just to give Dhamma talk to lay people, disciple and devotee and monk himself
have to practice meditation and teach to others about meditation and also
monk’s responsibility is to study Pali tipitaka. But nowadays just doing these
three things is not good enough to be sustainable development of society. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">The Buddhist monks have played important
roles to Buddhist societies in every Buddhist countries from generation to
generation. Here we may know how the Buddhism influences to Buddhist way of
life. And in the field of social work, we can see now Buddhist monks involve
and doing social works to develop of society. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">And in this paper I am going to write
about the role of Buddhist monks who actually involving in social activities
and social actions. And also I am going to describe the Buddhist monks who
really like sharing Dhamma and teaching about meditation to reduce of one’s
stress, depression and to get real happiness, peace. And at the last I am going
to describe the role of Buddhist temple in Buddhist community. If we mentions
about Buddhist monks, we also have to mention about temple too. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The role of Buddhist monk to community</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The role of Buddhist
monks in society today are very important and helping society with different
ways in order to develop of our society. There are many Buddhist monks doing
differently, some are giving Dhamma talk, social works, teaching meditation,
and teaching Pali to maintain last long of Buddhism in the world. Some Buddhist
monks dedicate their lives to the pursuit of happiness and inner peace. They
live through charity, limited to their temple and village. And the other hand,
majority of Buddhist monks are doing nothing for society, and to propagate of
Buddhism. They are just enjoying relaxing life and luxury life by earning money
from donors and enjoying with material thing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">By "social action" we
mean the many different kinds of action intended to benefit mankind. These
range from simple individual acts of charity, teaching and training, organized
kinds of service, "Right Livelihood" in and outside the helping
professions, and through various kinds of community development has well as to
political activity in working for a better society.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To be a better society,
the role of Buddhist monk sector is very important part in our society
especially in distance area. And we can observe now many Buddhist monks doing
different kind of social actions intended to benefit of mankind. Mostly we can
see that many Buddhist monks functioning the teaching, training and even
involve the political issue helping to development of community. And many
orphanage centers are nowadays run by Buddhist monks so that we can clearly
know how Buddhist monks are vital to development of our community and to spread
Buddhism inside and outside of the country. This is why the role of Buddhist
monks in every Theravada Buddhist countries is very important. And the Buddhist
monks show the way of life according to the teaching of the Buddha. And in
daily life of working hard, Buddhist monks explain detail about Right
Livelihood to be a peaceful society and to be good profession in society.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">From a Buddhist
perspective, anything to do with other people can be considered social action:
how we relate to the individuals close to us such as family or neighbors, to
society at large, and to the world around us. The field of social action
expands out, but it begins with ourselves and our relationships to others. The
individual is at the core of all relationships between any parts of society.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Individual development
is the most important and after that try to help to develop others and society.
Everything is connected each other and we cannot live alone in this world.
People might think that monks are isolated from society, living alone, practice
meditation and living in simple way without any attachment and cling but it is
not actual true and monks and laity should going, working together to be
sustainable development. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 31.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">The
role of monks in rural districts is even more important, for there the local
temple is not only the religious but also the social center of the community.
It is at the temple that people come together and experience a sense of
comradeship. Religious rituals and ceremonies held at temples are always
accompanied by social activities.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In Theravada Buddhist
countries, the role of Buddhist monks in rural area are very important and
whatever people want to know and have doubt regarding on the Buddhist teaching,
coming to temple and ask the monks to get solution and even the people approach
to monks to solve social problem. So<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>temple in rural area is not just for place where monk live but also the
center for all youth, adult and old age to find of religious knowledge, and
also it is the center for all religious function event, and ceremonies. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Some people believe
that Buddhist monks should live only in the pagoda and pray eight to 10 hours a
day, rather than involve themselves in daily life. But monks have in fact been
engaged for a long time, just in an unsystematic way. Monks have built schools
and hospitals, but nobody realized that it was social engagement because the
term wasn't there. The way forward is to let them do it in a more systematic
way or to look for extensions of the activities that they can do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Comparative between
city monk and country side monk have slightly different regarding doing social
and development of society. In the rural the role of monks are very important
in society and monk’s speech and order are very effective to society so that monks
influence the particular area because monk help to develop to society and
everyone listen and follow monks in rural area.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Acting as a moral and ethical
example, monks are the most venerated persons in the countryside Buddhist
society, remaining very close to the hearts of the people. In times of crisis,
it is to monks that people bring their problems for counsel and encouragement.
With few exceptions, the Sangha has well justified this attitude of respect and
honor shown to it on the part of the laity and, on the whole, has lived up to
the dignity of the Faith.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Monks in rural area are
venerated person and sometime just like counselors, because every time people
have some problem, approach to monks and ask some good advice, encouragements
and suggestions to get best solution with right way. So that the role of
Buddhist monks in rural district is more important and monks could lead society
as leaders in countryside to be sustainable development of commumity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In Buddhism, Buddhist
monks involve various functions in Buddhist life. They participated in all
religious festivals, ceremonies, marriages, and funerals. They also might have
participated in ceremonies to name infants and in other minor ceremonies or
rites of passage. Monks did not lead the ceremonies, however, because that role
was given to the master of ceremonies; the monk's major function was to say
prayers of blessing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In Buddhist countries,
monk traditionally occupied a unique position in the transmission of Buddhist
culture and values. By the way of life, monks provided a living model of the
most meritorious behavior a Buddhist could follow and also provided the laity
with many opportunities for gaining merit. For centuries monks were the only
literate people residing in rural communities; they acted as teachers to temple
servants, to novices, and to newly ordained monks. But the situation changed
time by time; today monks were also encouraged to become involved in many
religious events, and functions for the community development and also to build
up of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>stable, and peace community,
Buddhist monks have fully responsibility for that and to create a good
environment. In countryside of Buddhist community, the role of Buddhist monks
are very important sectors to be sustainable development of Buddhist community.
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In the modern Buddhist
society, Buddhist monks are more important to strengthen and promote the social
morality. The members of the Orders are like nurses who help us take the
medicine of Dhamma. The nurses remind us when we forget which pills to take. If
we have difficulty swallowing huge pills, the nurses break them into smaller
pieces for us. Similarly, the Sangha helps us practice the Dhamma correctly
when we are confused. Any fellow practitioner who is more advance than us can
be our spiritual friend who can help us.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The role of Buddhist temple in Buddhist community </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The temples are not
only places where the Buddhist monks live and practice the teachings of the
Buddha, but they are also places where people come and learn the Buddhist
doctrines for daily practices. One fascinating aspect of Buddhism in Buddhist
countries, the role temple play in development and poverty alleviation. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In Myanmar, many
children from lower class families especially in countryside live at temple as
temple boys serving of temples cleaning, doing what the abbot need and want to
do. So temples provide something like a safe-house for youth, where they have
education and companionship. And temple education is much better than government
school in rural area. In government school of rural area in Myanmar, teachers
very often absent to come to school and do not care about education well, so
people send their sons and daughters to temple instead of sending government
school. So everyone can imagine how temples are important for society. And male
students come to temple for their better education; later on some students
become novices and monks. This is the fact that 100% of Buddhist monk’s
population is come from rural area in Myanmar. There are about five hundred
thousands of Buddhist monks are existing in Myanmar today. This number is quite
big and if all of them do something to develop of society, the society going to
be develop.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">So the role of
temple in Buddhism is very important sector. Temples perform most of the major festivals
which are connected with Buddhist observances. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">In Buddhist
countries, the monasteries play so important roles to the society both in the
past and in the present. Monasteries are like the hospitals where people come
and get cured the physical and mental diseases. Monasteries are also schools
where people come and learn several skills of living. Monasteries are the
courts of Buddhist people too. People get resolved the problems while they get
in the monasteries.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Conclusion</span>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">In my view, the
world conditions are calling for a new Sangha of social action to come
together. Today Buddhist world, Monks and laity should work together more than
current Buddhist monks working to develop of all parts of Buddhist society in
every Buddhist country. Buddhist monks should not satisfy just teaching Pali
language, teaching meditation and giving Dhamma talk but monks definitely
should involve in the field of social activities and social actions to be
sustainable development. We all can see the real situation in Buddhist
countries concerning social work. Majority of Buddhist monks are still ignored
and conceal involving of social actions. Just few of monks are doing this with
lots of difficulty and some people do not recognized Buddhist monks to involve
social activities. So that to be a sustainable development and to build up
of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>beautiful environment we all Buddhist
monks have responsibility with heart and compassion and to do so we all
Buddhist monks should struggle to be a sustainable development society.</span></div>
<br />
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ken Jones, Buddhism and social
actions, Buddhist Publication Society, London,1975, P 43</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasanno, Ajahn, Lying Foundation
for Social Action, Fearless Mountain, CA, 1998,P 68</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Karuna Kusalasaya, Buddhism in
Thailand Its Past and Its Present, Mental House Publishing House, Kandy, 1983,
P 35</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6166478371248669035#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Karuna Kusalasaya, Buddhism in
Thailand Its Past and Its Present, Mental House Publishing House, Kandy, 1983,
P 34</span></div>
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